Abstract
Mangroves are unique halophytes that are found at the land – sea interface and are well adapted to inundation with saline water. They are potential sinks of nutrients. The process of out-welling in the mangrove ecosystem results in the discharge of nutrients to the adjacent estuaries, bays and coastal waters. The nutrients originate in the mangrove ecosystem from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The natural sources include the falling of leaf litter, twigs, branches etc., which enhance during the period of cyclones and depressions. The artificial sources of nutrients in the mangrove ecosystem are (i) fertilizer run-off from the adjacent agricultural fields, (ii) aquacultural wastes, which contain nutrients released from unused feed, excreta of the culture species etc. Mangroves retain this huge quantum of nutrients in the system, and help in sustaining the food webs.
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Authors and Affiliations
Annexure A
Annexure A
Sl. No. | Name of Industry | Product |
|---|---|---|
1. | Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Haldia | L.P.G., Motor Gasoline, Naptha, ATF, MTO, HSD, JBO, Kerosene, Furnace Oil, Lubes, Bitumen. |
2. | KoPT/Haldia Dock Complex | Port Services |
3. | Tata Chemicals Ltd., Haldia | Industrial Phosphate & Acids. |
4. | Exide Industries Ltd., Haldia | Automotive Batteries, Heavy Duty Batteries, Containers, Special Types of Separators, etc. |
5. | Swal Corporation Ltd., Haldia | Dimethanate Fenithrothion, Ethion, Malathion. |
6. | MCC PTA India Corpn. Pvt. Ltd., Haldia | P.T.A |
7. | Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd., Haldia | LLDPE, HDPE, Naptha Cracker etc. |
8. | IOCL, Paradip-Haldia Oil Pipeline | Petroleum Storage & Transportation |
9. | IOC Petronas Ltd., Haldia | L.P.G |
10. | Shamon Ispat Ltd. | Steel Rolling |
11. | Dhunseri Petrochem & Tea Ltd. | PET Resin |
12. | Greenways Shipping Agencies Pvt. Ltd., | Containers Freight Station (CFS) |
13. | IOC Ltd., Haldia | Petroleum Storage |
14. | Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. | Petroleum and allied products |
15. | Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Haldia | Petroleum and allied products. |
16. | Hindustan Unilever Limited. | Detergents |
17. | Marcus Oils & Chemical Pvt. Ltd. | Polyethylene Waxes |
18. | IOC Ltd., Haldia | Petroleum Storage |
19. | Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd. | Edible Oil |
20. | Manaksia Ltd. | Aluminum and Steel |
21. | Sanjana Cryogenic Storages Ltd | Ammonia Storage and handling terminal |
22. | R. D. B. Rasayans Ltd., | PP Jumbo Bag and Small bag. |
23. | Reliance Industries Limited | Storage & handling Petroleum Product |
24. | Adani Wilmar Ltd. | Edible Oil Refinery |
25. | Electrosteel Castings Ltd. | Coke Oven Plant, sponge iron plant, power plant |
26. | URAL India Ltd. | Automobile |
27. | K.S. Oils Ltd. | Edible Oil Refinery |
28. | DPM Net Pvt. Ltd. | Fishing net |
29. | Hooghly Met Coke & Power Co. Ltd. | Coke Oven Plant |
30. | Ruchi Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. | 3RD Party liquid storage tank terminal. |
31. | Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. | Sugar Refinery and Food Complex. |
32. | Gokul Refoils & Solvent Ltd. | Edible Oil Refinery |
33. | Emami Biotech Ltd. | Bio-diesel Plant. |
34. | Ennore Coke Private Ltd., | Coke Oven Plant. |
35. | West Bengal Waste Management Ltd. | Industrial waste/municipal waste management complex. |
36. | Lalbaba Seamless Tubes Pvt. Ltd. | Seamless Tube |
37. | Modern India Con-cast Ltd. | Ferro Alloy Plant |
38. | Rohit Ferro Tech Ltd. | Ferro Alloy |
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Mitra, A. (2020). Mangroves: A Nutrient Retention Box. In: Mangrove Forests in India. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20595-9_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20595-9_4
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