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Emerging Technologies for the Analysis of Forensic Traces pp 33–66Cite as

Novel Technological Applications for Latent and Blood-Stained Fingermark Aging Studies

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Abstract

At the present time, there are no standard methodologies to reliably determine the age of (latent) fingermarks recovered from crime scenes. Estimating the time of deposition of this type of evidence is a complex challenge that remains scientifically unsolved in the forensic domain. This chapter addresses the effort to investigate and evaluate the age of fingermarks, and answer the question: how much information can “imaging technologies” provide on fingermark aging? The objective is to introduce the reader to novel applications of existing technologies—Optical Profilometry (OP) and visible wavelength Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI)—that can visualize and record variations in the topography of ridges and follow spectral changes in blood-stained fingermarks, respectively. OP has been typically used for the 3D analysis of surface roughness of materials; whereas HSI has been previously used to detect and identify blood stains in a forensic context and estimate their age in laboratory settings. These non-destructive, contactless, imaging technologies eliminate the need for manipulating friction ridge skin impressions and minimizing sample destruction. Most importantly, they allow the simultaneous collection of qualitative and quantitative data that can be analyzed using spatio-temporal statistical models to investigate the mechanisms involved in ridge degradation. OP and HSI, among other technologies, are establishing new foundational research to integrate the age variable in future fingermark examination flowcharts. This inclusion could potentially reduce identification errors that are caused by time inconsistencies between the evidence discovered and the crime committed, as well as maximize the use of resources by decreasing the number of traces to be processed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This term refers to latent or invisible impressions (undetectable to the naked eye), plastic or molded impressions (e.g. prints on clay or wax) and patent (aka visible prints) unintentionally made by friction ridge skin on a surface. They require a specific enhancement or processing for analysis. The term fingerprint refers to controlled setting (e.g. inked prints taken from detainees).

  2. 2.

    Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community, National Research Council. 2009. ISBN 978-0-309-13135-3.

  3. 3.

    Issues also noted by the Scottish Report “The Fingerprint Inquiry”; APS Group Scotland. 2011. ISBN: 978-0-85759-002-2.

  4. 4.

    ACE-V: Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification, referred as being a standard scientific method in the comparison and identification of friction ridge impressions.

  5. 5.

    Refers to the prevalence of cases that incorrectly associates a person to a recovered fingermark.

  6. 6.

    http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Archive:Crime_and_criminal_justice_statistics,_data_2008-2013.

  7. 7.

    As mentioned on page 141 of the REGULATION (EU) _o …/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of the Horizon 2020—the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014–2020).

  8. 8.

    ANZPAA NIFS (Australian New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency) report “End-to-end forensic identification process project”, in 2012.

  9. 9.

    Secondary victimization (also known as post crime victimization or double victimization) is the re-traumatization of the (sexual assault, abuse or rape) crime victim. It is an indirect result of assault which occurs through the responses of individuals and institutions to the victim. The types of secondary victimization include victim blaming, inappropriate behavior or language by medical personnel and by other organizations with access to the victim post assault [33].

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Acknowledgements

Prof. M. Islam would like to thank Dr. Samuel Cadd, Dr. Bo Li and colleagues at Chemicam Ltd. for the HSI research and results described in this chapter.

Dr. J. De Alcaraz-Fossoul would like to thank Dr. Emmanuel Soignard, Dr. Michelle Mancenido, Dr. Carme Barrot Feixat, Dr. Sara C. Zapico, Ms. Lindsey Porter and all collaborators at Arizona State University, the University of Barcelona, California State University—Los Angeles, Forensic Focus Ltd. and the Catalonia Police—Mossos d’Esquada who have contributed, in part, to the research presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, 06516, CT, USA

    Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul

  2. School of Science, Engineering and Design, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK

    Meez Islam

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Correspondence to Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul .

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  1. Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK

    Simona Francese

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De Alcaraz-Fossoul, J., Islam, M. (2019). Novel Technological Applications for Latent and Blood-Stained Fingermark Aging Studies. In: Francese, S. (eds) Emerging Technologies for the Analysis of Forensic Traces. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20542-3_3

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