Abstract
Over the previous chapters the internal state of a system has been described. A thermodynamic system can change its state and several possible changes of state have been discussed. For the further understanding it is essential to be familiar with the terms reversibility/irreversibility as well as with the idea of a quasi-static change of state. These approaches have been clarified in the previous Chaps. 7 and 8: By external impacts a system’s thermodynamic equilibrium can be disturbed and the system moves into a new balanced state.
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Notes
- 1.
Just imagine a gas-turbine in steady state: It does not release a single portion of heat, but it releases heat permanently.
- 2.
In fact, this will be an applicable approach for the work later on as well!
- 3.
Remember that the sign convention is always from the system’s perspective!
- 4.
In case of steady state!
- 5.
A detailed explanation will follow in Sect. 11.3.4!
- 6.
Sir George Gabriel Stokes (\(*\)13 August 1819 in Skreen, County Sligo, \(\dagger \)1 February 1903 in Cambridge).
- 7.
Isochoric change of state!
- 8.
However, though the outer atmosphere might expand or might be compressed, the ambient pressure is supposed to be constant due to its large size.
- 9.
For this section the knowledge of first law of thermodynamic is required!
- 10.
See Sect. 13.5.
- 11.
I.e. kinetic and potential energies!
- 12.
A solid is supposed to be incompressible, so that there is no distinction between \(c_{v}\) and \(c_{p}\), see Sect. 12.4.2.
- 13.
The following equations will be introduced and explained in Chap. 11ff!
- 14.
According to Example 7.24 the requirements for an isobaric change of state are fulfilled!
- 15.
The piston’s potential energy decrease!
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Schmidt, A. (2019). Process Values Heat and Work . In: Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20397-9_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20397-9_9
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