Abstract
Cyberbullying is the act of using electronic means (e.g., e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, websites, gaming sites, cellular phones) to threaten, humiliate, insult, exclude, or intimidate others. However, given unique aspects of virtual communication (e.g., lack of vocal intonation, facial expression, body language) it is sometimes difficult to identify cyberbullying. Further, the three central features of traditional bullying (e.g., bullying not using electronic means), repetition, power imbalance, and intent to harm are complicated by the nuances of cyberbullying. This chapter discusses the definition of cyberbullying as well as defining the roles in the cyberbullying dynamic and explaining the different methods (e.g., exclusion, flaming) and means (e.g., text messaging, e-mail) used to cyberbully. The devastating consequences of cyberbullying on cybervictims, cyberbullies, and cyberbully-victims are discussed as well as the commonalties between cyberbullying and traditional bullying.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aboujaoude, E., Savage, M. W., Starcevic, V., & Salame, W. O. (2015). Cyberbullying: Review of an old problem gone viral. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57, 1018.
Aftab, P. (2011). http://www.wiredsafety.net
Bayraktar, F., Machackova, H., Dedkova, L., Cerna, A., & Sevcikova, A. (2015). Cyberbullying: The discriminant factors among cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyberbully-victims in a Czech adolescent sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(18), 3192–3216.
Burton, K. A., Florell, D., & Wygant, D. B. (2013). The role of peer attachment and normative believes about aggression on traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Psychology in the Schools, 50(2), 103–115.
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2016a). High school youth risk behavior surveillance-United States. Atlanta, GA: Author. Retrieved from https://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/App/Default.aspx
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2016b). Middle school youth risk behavior surveillance-United States. Atlanta, GA: Author. Retrieved from https://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/App/Default.aspx
Chew, C. (2010). Prevalence of cyber bullying in Singapore. In E. Ng & K. Rigby (Eds.), Breaking the silence: Bullying in Singapore (pp. 65–84). Singapore: Armour Publishing.
Evans, C. B. R., & Smokowski, P. R. (2016). Understanding weaknesses in bullying research: How school personnel can help strengthen bullying research and practice. Children and Youth Services Review, 69, 143–150.
Fahy, A. E., Stansfield, S. A., Smuk, M., Smith, N. R., Cummins, S., & Cark, C. (2016). Longitudinal associations between cyberbullying involvement and adolescent mental health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59, 502–509.
Forbes. (2018). Donald Trump’s 10 most offensive tweets. Jersey City, NJ: Author. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/pictures/flji45elmm/7-lightweight/#435dc286e162
Gladden, R. M., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Hamburger, M. E., & Lumpkin, C. D. (2014). Bullying surveillance among youths: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements, Version 1.0. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Department of Education.
Goebert, D., Else, I., Matsu, C., Chung-Do, J., & Chang, J. Y. (2011). The impact of cyberbullying on substance use and mental health in a multiethnic sample. Maternal Child Health Journal, 15, 1282–1286.
Huang, Y. Y., & Chou, C. (2010). An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1581–1590.
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1073–1137.
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & Agatston, P. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Langos, C. (2012). Cyberbullying: The challenge to define. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(6), 285–289.
Lenhart, A. (2015). Teen, social media and technology overview 2015. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/
Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777–1791.
Macmanus, R. (January 31, 2007). 55% Of people regularly or always fake their web identity. Readwrite. Retrieved from https://readwrite.com/2007/01/31/ake_web_identity_poll_results/
Megan Meier Foundation. (n.d.). Megan’s story. Saint Charles, MO: Author. Retrieved from https://www.meganmeierfoundation.org/megans-story.html
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Popovic-Citic, B., Djuric, S., & Cvetkovic, V. (2011). The prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents: A case study of middle schools in Serbia. School Psychology International, 32(4), 412–424.
Raskaukas, J., & Stoltz, A. D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 564–575.
Roberts-Pittman, B., Slavens, J., & Balch, B. V. (2012). The basics of cyberbullying. School Administrator, 69(4), 32–37.
Romer, D. (2010). Adolescent risk taking, impulsivity, and brain development: Implications for development. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 263–276.
Salkowitz, R. (January 17, 2017). Trump’s 20 million Twitter followers get smarter under the microscope. Jersey City, NJ: Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/robsalkowitz/2017/01/17/trumps-20-million-twitter-followers-get-smaller-under-the-microscope/#55c114874407
Seife, C. (July 29, 2014). The weird reasons why people make up false identities on the internet. Wired. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2014/07/virtual-unreality-the-online-sockpuppets-that-trick-us-all/
Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147–154.
Smith, P. (July 4, 2015). Chilling stories of fake online identities and why people create them. New York, NY: Buzzfeed. Retrieved from https://www.buzzfeed.com/patricksmith/this-is-why-people-create-false-identities-on-the-internet?utm_term=.bn248G5dRl#.va5wjGbV61
Sourander, A., Klomek, A. B., Ikonen, M., Lindroos, J., Luntamo, T., Koskelainen, M., … Helenius, H. (2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents. General Psychiatry, 67(7), 720–728.
Spears, B. A., Taddeo, C. M., Daly, A. L., Stretton, A., & Karklins, L. T. (2015). Cyberbullying, help-seeking and mental health in young Australians: Implications for public health. International Journal of Public Health, 60, 219–226.
Steinhauer, J. (November 26, 2008). Verdict in MySpace suicide case. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/27/us/27myspace.html
Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321–326.
Sumter, S. R., Valkenburg, P. M., Baumgartner, S. E., Peter, J., & van der Hof, S. (2015). Development and validation of the multidimensional offline and online peer victimization scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 114–122.
Van Geel, M., Vedder, P., & Tanilon, J. (2014). Relationship between peer victimization, cyberbullying, and suicide in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of American Medical Association Pediatrics, 168(5), 435–442.
Vandebosch, H., & van Cleemput, K. (2008). Defining cyberbullying: A qualitative research into the perceptions of youngsters. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 499–503.
Willard, N. (2007). Educators guide to cyberbullying and cyberthreats. Retrieved from https://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Other-Resources/School-Safety/Safe-and-Supportive-Learning/Anti-Harassment-Intimidation-and-Bullying-Resource/Educator-s-Guide-Cyber-Safety.pdf.aspx
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smokowski, P.R., Evans, C.B.R. (2019). Cyberbullying: Playground Politics (and Worse) in Cyberspace. In: Bullying and Victimization Across the Lifespan. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20293-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20293-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20292-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20293-4
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)