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Quantification of Cell-Matrix Interaction in 3D Using Optical Tweezers

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Multi-scale Extracellular Matrix Mechanics and Mechanobiology

Part of the book series: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ((SMTEB,volume 23))

Abstract

The behavior of living cells is significantly affected by the mechanical properties of the surrounding soft extracellular matrix (ECM) comprising of various types of biopolymers. More complexity is added as cell-generated forces in turn can mechanically modify their microenvironment. Moreover, these forces can also act as mechanical signals for other cells leading to emergent collective cell dynamics. Bulk measurement techniques are not capable of resolving these local mechanical interactions which are often hidden in 3D, thus, optical tweezers have emerged as a powerful tool to directly characterize microscale mechanics and forces at play. In this chapter, we first introduce a typical experimental setup of optical tweezers and calibration methods that has been widely accepted by the mechanobiology community. Subsequently, we discuss various ways in which optical tweezers can be used to probe mechanics at different length scales such as the cytoplasm at the sub-cellular level, at the level of whole cell and finally explore the cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. Later, perspectives on the future development of optical tweezers to study cell-matrix interaction is also provided.

Satish Kumar Gupta and Jiawei Sun contribute equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Satish Kumar Gupta, Jiawei Sun, Yu Long Han, Chenglin Lyu, Tianlei He & Ming Guo

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  1. Satish Kumar Gupta
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    Yanhang Zhang

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Gupta, S.K., Sun, J., Han, Y.L., Lyu, C., He, T., Guo, M. (2020). Quantification of Cell-Matrix Interaction in 3D Using Optical Tweezers. In: Zhang, Y. (eds) Multi-scale Extracellular Matrix Mechanics and Mechanobiology. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20182-1_9

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