Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Working Passionately Does Not Always Pay Off: The Negative Moderating Role of Passion on the Relationship Between Deliberate Practice and Venture Performance

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Anatomy of Entrepreneurial Decisions

Part of the book series: Contributions to Management Science ((MANAGEMENT SC.))

Abstract

Deliberate practice, an iterative process that leads to expertise, is found to be positively associated with superior performance in domains such as sports, education, and entrepreneurship. At the same time, deliberate practice is also seen as being less than enjoyable and difficult to pursue consistently. As such, passion is considered to be a vital motivator of engagement in and maintenance of deliberate practice. Despite the evident importance of passion, the relationship between passion and deliberate practice in entrepreneurship has not been subject to sufficient empirical evaluation. Therefore, in this study, we consider the way in which passion moderates the relationship between deliberate practice and venture performance. We hypothesize that deliberate practice is positively related to venture performance and that passion positively moderates this relationship. We find support for our first hypothesis, in line with previous studies. However, contrary to our second hypothesis, we find that entrepreneurial passion negatively moderates the deliberate practice-venture performance relationship. In response to this finding, we provide possible explanations as to why this negative moderation effect was observed by drawing on Kolb’s experiential learning cycle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, J. R. (1982). Acquisition of cognitive skill. Psychological Review, 89(4), 369–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arend, R. J., Patel, P. C., & Park, H. D. (2014). Explaining post IPO venture performance through a knowledge based view typology. Strategic Management Journal, 35(3), 376–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. A. (2004). The cognitive perspective: A valuable tool for answering entrepreneurship’s basic “why” questions. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 221–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, J. N., & Hannan, M. T. (2002). Organizational blueprints for success in high-tech start-ups: Lessons from the Stanford project on emerging companies. California Management Review, 44(3), 8–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. A., & Henry, R. A. (2010). How entrepreneurs acquire the capacity to excel: Insights from research on expert performance. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(1), 49–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. A., & Tang, J. (2009). Entrepreneurs’ social skills and new venture performance: Mediating mechanisms and cultural generality. Journal of Management, 35(2), 282–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, D. J., & Curran, P. J. (2005). Probing interactions in fixed and multilevel regression: Inferential and graphical techniques. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 40(3), 373–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baum, J. R., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 587–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birley, S. (1985). The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), 107–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneville-Roussy, A., Lavigne, G. L., & Vallerand, R. J. (2011). When passion leads to excellence: The case of musicians. Psychology of Music, 39(1), 123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boudreau, C. E., Williford, T. H., & Maunsell, J. H. (2006). Effects of task difficulty and target likelihood in area V4 of macaque monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 96(5), 2377–2387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowerman, B.L. and O’connell, R.T. (1990) Linear statistical models: An applied approach, Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradburn, N. M., & Mason, W. M. (1964). The effect of question order on responses. Journal of Marketing Research, 1(4), 57–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brannback, M., Carsrud, A., & Elfving, J. (2018). Sex, (drugs), and entrepreneurial passion? An exploratory study [pre-print]. Accessed June 10, 2018, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251410878_SEX_DRUGS_AND_ENTREPRENEURIAL_PASSION_AN_EXPLORATORY_STUDY

  • Branzei, O. and Zietsma, C. (2003) Entrepreneurial love: The enabling functions of positive illusions in venturing. In: The Babson-Kauffman Entrepreneurial Research Conference, Colorado, USA, June. Wellesley, MA, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruderl, J., & Schussler, R. (1990). Organizational mortality: The liabilities of newness and adolescence. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(5), 530–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, C. G., & Vanderwerf, P. A. (1992). A comparison of methods and sources for obtaining estimates of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(2), 157–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunderson, J. S., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2003). Management team learning orientation and business unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardon, M. S., & Kirk, C. P. (2015). Entrepreneurial passion as mediator of the self-efficacy to persistence relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(5), 1027–1050.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardon, M. S., & Stevens, C. E. (2009). The discriminant validity of entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardon, M. S., Zietsma, C., Saparito, P., Matherne, B. P., & Davis, C. (2005). A tale of passion: New insights into entrepreneurship from a parenthood metaphor. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 23–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardon, M. S., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek, M. (2009a). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardon, M.S., Sudek, R., & Mitteness, C. (2009b). The impact of perceived entrepreneurial passion on angel investing. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 29(2), 1–15. Accessed June 24, 2018, from https://digitalknowledge.babson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.co.kr/&httpsredir=1&article=1488&context=fer

  • Cardon, M. S., Gregoire, D. A., Stevens, C. E., & Patel, P. C. (2013). Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 373–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H. (1993). Measuring the performance of emerging businesses: A validation study. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(5), 391–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, R. Y. (2002). The passion plan at work: Building a passion-driven organization. California: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X. P., Yao, X., & Kotha, S. (2009). Entrepreneur passion and preparedness in business plan presentations: A persuasion analysis of venture capitalists’ funding decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 199–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarysse, B., Wright, M., & Van de Velde, E. (2011). Entrepreneurial origin, technological knowledge, and the growth of spin-off companies. Journal of Management Studies, 48(6), 1420–1442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum, NJ: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, R. D., & Weisberg, S. (1982). Residuals and influence in regression. New York: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F. J., & Woo, C. Y. (1994). Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(5), 371–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cope, J. (2011). Entrepreneurial learning from failure: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(6), 604–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crook, T. R., Shook, C. L., Morris, M. L., & Madden, T. M. (2010). Are we there yet? An assessment of research design and construct measurement practices in entrepreneurship research. Organizational Research Methods, 13(1), 192–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davila, A., Foster, G., & Gupta, M. (2003). Venture capital financing and the growth of start-up firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(6), 689–709.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Leeuw, D. (1992). Data quality in mail, telephone, and face-to-face surveys. Amsterdam: TT-Publicaties.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delisle, G., & Prosnick, K. P. (2003). Axis II personality patterns and gestalt resistance processes: Part I, A clinical-theoretical model. Australian Gestalt Journal, 7, 45–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delmar, F. (1997). Measuring growth: Methodological considerations and empirical results. In R. Donkels & A. Miettinen (Eds.), Entrepreneurship and SME research: On its way to the new millennium (pp. 190–216). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dew, N., Read, S., Sarasvathy, S. D., & Wiltbank, R. (2015). Entrepreneurial expertise and the use of control. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 4, 30–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dew, N., Ramesh, A., Read, S., & Sarasvathy, S. (2018). Toward deliberate practice in the development of entrepreneurial expertise: The anatomy of the effectual ask. In K. Ericsson, R. Hoffman, A. Kozbelt, & A. Williams (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 389–412). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrev, S. D. (2001). Revisiting organizational legitimation: Cognitive diffusion and sociopolitical factors in the evolution of Bulgarian newspaper enterprises, 1846–1992. Organization Studies, 22(3), 419–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth, A. L., Kirby, T. A., Tsukayama, E., Berstein, H., & Ericsson, K. A. (2011). Deliberate practice spells success: Why grittier competitors triumph at the national spelling bee. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(2), 174–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, S., Mendel, R., & Nir, M. (2006). Learning from successful and failed experience: The moderating role of kind of after-event review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 669–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A. (2002). Attaining excellence through deliberate practice: Insights from the study of expert performance. In M. Ferrari (Ed.), The educational psychology series. The pursuit of excellence through education (pp. 21–55). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A. (2006). The influence of experience and deliberate practice on the development of superior expert performance. In K. A. Ericsson, N. Charness, P. J. Feltovich, & R. R. Hoffman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 685–705). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, 49(8), 725–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., & Lehmann, A. C. (1996). Expert and exceptional performance: Evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints. Annual Review of Psychology, 47(1), 273–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, A. P., Miles, J., & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. London; Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitts, P., & Posner, M. I. (1967). Human performance. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gemmell, R. M. (2017). Learning styles of entrepreneurs in knowledge-intensive industries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 23(3), 446–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, E.J. (1969) Principles of perceptual learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallen, B., Bingham, C., & Cohen, S. (2017). Do accelerators accelerate? If so, how? The impact of intensive learning from others on new venture development [Pre-print]. Accessed June 26, 2018, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2719810

  • Hambrick, D. Z., Oswald, F. L., Altmann, E. M., Meinz, E. J., Gobet, F., & Campitelli, G. (2014). Deliberate practice: Is that all it takes to become an expert. Intelligence, 45, 34–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanks, S. H., Watson, C. J., Jansen, E., & Chandler, G. N. (1993). Tightening the life-cycle construct: A taxonomic study of growth stage configurations in high-technology organizations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(2), 5–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haussamen, B. (1995). The passive-reading fallacy. Journal of Reading, 38(5), 378–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helsen, W. F., Starkes, J. L., & Hodges, N. J. (1998). Team sports and the theory of deliberate practice. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(1), 12–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, V. T., & Pollack, J. M. (2014). Passion isn’t always a good thing: Examining entrepreneurs’ network centrality and financial performance with a dualistic model of passion. Journal of Management Studies, 51(3), 433–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holcomb, T. R., Ireland, R. D., Holmes Jr., R. M., & Hitt, M. A. (2009). Architecture of entrepreneurial learning: Exploring the link among heuristics, knowledge, and action. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(1), 167–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huber, G. P., & Power, D. J. (1985). Retrospective reports of strategic-level managers: Guidelines for increasing their accuracy. Strategic Management Journal, 6(2), 171–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hullfish, H. G., & Smith, P. G. (1961). Reflective thinking: The method of education. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, N., & Ericsson, K. A. (2007). A deliberate practice account of typing proficiency in everyday typists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 13(3), 135–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, N., Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2016). Informal learning and entrepreneurial success: A longitudinal study of deliberate practice among small business owners. Applied Psychology, 65(3), 515–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koedinger, K. R., Kim, J., Jia, J. Z., McLaughlin, E.A., & Bier, N. L. (2015). Learning is not a spectator sport: Doing is better than watching for learning from a MOOC. In: The Proceedings of the second 2015 ACM conference on learning@ scale, Vancouver, Canada, 14–18 March, New York, USA: ACM. Accessed June 20, 2018, from http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2730000/2724681/p111-koedinger.pdf?ip=222.107.97.225&id=2724681&acc=OA&key=4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2EB0DA6BDBC96C38D3&__acm__=1529913245_f83725d2e8b19ec291e639913e835487

  • Kolb, D. A. (1981). Learning styles and disciplinary differences. In A. W. Chickering (Ed.), The modern American college (pp. 232–255). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D. (2015). Science and self: Ontological commitments in Hegel and Heidegger. Philosophy Today, 59(1), 91–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krampe, R. T., & Ericsson, K. A. (1996). Maintaining excellence: Deliberate practice and elite performance in young and older pianists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125(4), 331–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macnamara, B. N., Hambrick, D. Z., & Oswald, F. L. (2014). Deliberate practice and performance in music, games, sports, education, and professions: A meta-analysis. Psychological Science, 25(8), 1608–1618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, O., & Stephen, I. (2018). Quantitative analysis of the impact of entrepreneurship boot camp on training and mentoring of young entrepreneurs. Covenant Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 60–72. Accessed June 23, 2018, from http://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjoese/article/view/830

  • McFarland, S. G. (1981). Effects of question order on survey responses. Public Opinion Quarterly, 45(2), 208–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. (2001). A dynamic model of entrepreneurial learning. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(3), 5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, B. T., Mitchell, J. R., & Mitchell, R. K. (2017). Situated scripting and entrepreneurial expertise: A socially situated view of the information-processing perspective. In M. Brannback & A. Carsrud (Eds.), Revisiting the entrepreneurial mind (pp. 175–181). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Murnieks, C. Y., Mosakowski, E., & Cardon, M. S. (2014). Pathways of passion: Identity centrality, passion, and behavior among entrepreneurs. Journal of Management, 40(6), 1583–1606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G. B., Trailer, J. W., & Hill, R. C. (1996). Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research. Journal of Business Research, 36(1), 15–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, R.H. (1990) Classical and modern regression with applications, Boston, MA: PWS-KENT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neergaard, H., & Ulhoi, J. P. (2007). Handbook of qualitative research methods in entrepreneurship. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orser, B. J., Hogarth-Scott, S., & Riding, A. L. (2000). Performance, firm size, and management problem solving. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(4), 42–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plant, E. A., Ericsson, K. A., Hill, L., & Asberg, K. (2005). Why study time does not predict grade point average across college students: Implications of deliberate practice for academic performance. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 30(1), 96–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratelle, C. F., Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Rousseau, F. L., & Provencher, P. (2004). When passion leads to problematic outcomes: A look at gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20(2), 105–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Read, S., Song, M., & Smit, W. (2009). A meta-analytic review of effectuation and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(6), 573–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rerup, C. (2005). Learning from past experience: Footnotes on mindfulness and habitual entrepreneurship. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 21(4), 451–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richman, W. L., Kiesler, S., Weisband, S., & Drasgow, F. (1999). A meta-analytic study of social desirability distortion in computer-administered questionnaires, traditional questionnaires, and interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 754–775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P. B., Huefner, J. C., & Hunt, H. K. (1991). Entrepreneurial research on student subjects does not generalize to real world entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 29(2), 42–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rock, I. (1957). The role of repetition in associative learning. The American Journal of Psychology, 70(2), 186–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, W. (1993). Acquiring expertise: Determinants of exceptional performance. In K. A. Heller, F. J. Mönks, & A. H. Passow (Eds.), International handbook of research and development of giftedness and talent (pp. 311–324). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shreve, G. M. (2006). The deliberate practice: Translation and expertise. Journal of Translation Studies, 9(1), 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smilor, R. W. (1997). Entrepreneurship: Reflections on a subversive activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), 341–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnentag, S., & Kleine, B. M. (2000). Deliberate practice at work: A study with insurance agents. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(1), 87–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spiller, S. A., Fitzsimons, G. J., Lynch Jr., J. G., & McClelland, G. H. (2013). Spotlights, floodlights, and the magic number zero: Simple effects tests in moderated regression. Journal of Marketing Research, 50(2), 277–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, H., & Richmond, B. J. (1991). Task difficulty: Ignoring, attending to, and discriminating a visual stimulus yield progressively more activity in inferior temporal neurons. Experimental Brain Research, 83(2), 340–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, H., Desimone, R., & Moran, J. (1988). Increased attention enhances both behavioral and neuronal performance. Science, 240(4850), 338–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unger, J. M., Keith, N., Hilling, C., Gielnik, M. M., & Frese, M. (2009). Deliberate practice among South African small business owners: Relationships with education, cognitive ability, knowledge, and success. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 21–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., et al. (2003). Les passions de l’âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756–767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J., Salvy, S. J., Mageau, G. A., Elliot, A. J., Denis, P. L., Grouzet, F. M., et al. (2007). On the role of passion in performance. Journal of Personality, 75(3), 505–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Elliot, A. J., Dumais, A., Demers, M. A., & Rousseau, F. (2008). Passion and performance attainment in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(3), 373–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Walle, S., & Van Ryzin, G. G. (2011). The order of questions in a survey on citizen satisfaction with public services: Lessons from a split-ballot experiment. Public Administration, 89(4), 1436–1450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, Y., & Roediger, H. L. (2010). Retrospective bias in test performance: Providing easy items at the beginning of a test makes students believe they did better on it. Memory and Cognition, 38(3), 366–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welford, A. T. (1968). Fundamentals of skill. New York, NY: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. (1996). Economics and organization: A primer. California Management Review, 38(2), 131–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    S. Park

  2. Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    R. A. Martina

  3. Warwick Business School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

    K. M. Smolka

Authors
  1. S. Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. A. Martina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. M. Smolka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Park .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Business School, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK

    Andrea Caputo

  2. Management and Law Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy

    Massimiliano M. Pellegrini

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Park, S., Martina, R.A., Smolka, K.M. (2019). Working Passionately Does Not Always Pay Off: The Negative Moderating Role of Passion on the Relationship Between Deliberate Practice and Venture Performance. In: Caputo, A., Pellegrini, M.M. (eds) The Anatomy of Entrepreneurial Decisions. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19685-1_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation