Skip to main content

Re-programming the Present: The Dynamism of Black Futurity in Nalo Hopkinson’s Midnight Robber

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Race and Utopian Desire in American Literature and Society

Abstract

This chapter investigates the tangibility and productiveness of Afrofuturism as an aesthetic mode and genre invested in utopia. It argues that Hopkinson’s Midnight Robber exemplifies the potency of Afrofuturism as a tool of political intervention that merges mythology and technology to create a critical utopia that confirms the ingenuity of the Black technological imagination while resisting the institutionalization of essentialist visions of Black futurity. It argues that the significance of Afrofuturism lies in its encouragement of dynamic and flexible imaginings of Black futurity that draw upon the counter-memories of the past to reprogram the present. The chapter concludes by demonstrating the implications of Hopkinson’s fictitious, utopian interventions upon Black-led resistance movements of today’s digital age.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Adorno, Theodor W and Max Horkheimer. “The Concept of Enlightenment.” In Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments, 3–42. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anatol, Giselle L. “Maternal Discourses in Nalo Hopkinson’s ‘Midnight Robber’.” African American Review 40, no. 1 (2006): 111–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bould, Mark. “The Ships Landed Long Ago: Afrofuturism and Black SF.” Science Fiction Studies 34, no. 2 (2007): 177–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • The British Library Board. “Utopia.” The British Library. Accessed 20 April 2018. http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/utopia.html.

  • Dery, Mark. “Black to the Future: Interviews with Samuel R. Delany, Greg Tate, and Tricia Rose.” In Flame Wars: Discourse of Cyberculture, 179–222. Durham: Duke University Press, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey, Madhu. “Becoming Animal in Black Women’s Science Fiction.” In Afro-Future Females: Black Writers Chart Science Fiction’s Newest New-Wave Trajectory, 31–51. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, Elisa. Race, Aliens, and the U.S. Government in African American Science Fiction. Berlin: LIT, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshun, Kodwo. “Further Considerations of Afrofuturism.” CR: The New Centennial Review 3, no. 2 (2003): 287–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferns, C. S. Narrating Utopia: Ideology, Gender, Form in Utopian Literature. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitting, Peter. “The Concept of Utopia in the Work of Fredric Jameson.” Utopian Studies 9, no. 2 (1998), 8–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghee, Kenneth. “Will the ‘Real’ Black Superheroes Please Stand Up?!” In Black Comics: Politics of Race and Representation, edited by Sheena C. Howard and Ronald L. Jackson, 223–238. New York: Bloomsbury, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glave, Dianne D., and Nalo Hopkinson. “An Interview with Nalo Hopkinson.” Callaloo 26, no. 1 (2003): 146–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, Janell. “Digital Whiteness, Primitive Blackness.” Feminist Media Studies 8, no. 2 (2008): 111–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkinson, Nalo. Midnight Robber. New York: Aspect, 2000. Kindle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkinson, Nalo. “A Conversation with Nalo Hopkinson.” SF Site. Last modified 2000. https://www.sfsite.com/03b/nh77.htm.

  • Hopkinson, Nalo. “A Dialogue on SF and Utopian Fiction, Between Nalo Hopkinson and Elisabeth Vonaburg.” Foundation 30, no. 81 (2001): 40–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan-Cullors, Patrisse. “We Didn’t Start a Movement. We Started a Network.” Medium. Last modified 23 February 2016. https://medium.com/@patrissemariecullorsbrignac/we-didn-t-start-a-movement-we-started-a-network-90f9b5717668#.buu2eg6d8.

  • Lavendar III, Isiah. “Critical Race Theory.” In The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction, edited by Mark Bould, Andrew M. Butler, Adam Roberts, and Sherryl Vint, 185–193. London: Routledge, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moylan, Tom. Demand the Impossible: Science Fiction and the Utopian Imagination. New York: Methuen, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, Paromita. “Creolizing Nation Language, Folklore and Science Fiction: Nalo Hopkinson’s Rhetorical Strategy in Midnight Robber.” Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 4, no. 2 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, Alondra, Thuy Linh N. Tu, and Alicia Headlam Hines. “Introduction.” In Technicolor: Race, Technology, and Everyday Life, 1–12. New York: New York University, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, William, and Henry P. Charles. “Imagining a Future in America: A Racial Perspective.” Alternative Futures: Journal of Utopian Studies 1, no. 1 (1978): 39–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serruys, Nicholas. “Review of Utopia Method Vision: The Use Value of Social Dreaming, by Tom Moylan and Raffaella Baccolini, ed.” Utopian Studies 19, no. 2 (2008): 343–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, Heather. “Under the Daddy Tree: Family Relations in Nalo Hopkinson’s Midnight Robber.” Strange Horizons, August 2001. http://www.strangehorizons.com/2001/20010820/midnight_robber.shtml.

  • Sisson, Patrick. “Space Is the Place: The Architecture of Afrofuturism.” Curbed. Last modified 22 February 2016. http://www.curbed.com/2016/2/22/11092380/space-is-the-place-the-architecture-of-afrofuturism.

  • Smith, Aaron. “African Americans and Technology Use: A Demographic Portrait.” Pew Research Center. Last modified 6 January 2014. http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/01/06/african-americans-and-technology-use/.

  • Smith, Barbara. “Toward a Black Feminist Criticism.” Radical Teacher, no. 7 (March 1978): 20–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Eric D. “‘The Only Way Out Is Through’: Space, Narrative, and Utopia in Nalo Hopkinson’s Midnight Robber.Genre XLII (Spring 2009): 135–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tvochannel. “Nalo Hopkinson on Utopian Literature.” YouTube, 24 April 2009. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vA8XIDFW4U.

  • Veselá, Pavla. “Neither Black nor White: The Critical Utopias of Sutton E. Griggs and George S. Schuyler.” Science Fiction Studies 38, no. 2 (2011): 270–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Davis, C. (2019). Re-programming the Present: The Dynamism of Black Futurity in Nalo Hopkinson’s Midnight Robber. In: Ventura, P., Chan, E. (eds) Race and Utopian Desire in American Literature and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19470-3_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics