Abstract
Conventional film scholarship has largely eschewed the analysis of screen texts from psychiatric and cognitivist approaches to traumatic representation. This chapter considers the convergence of emerging research into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that challenges notions of psychotic behaviour (auditory, verbal and/or visual hallucinations—AVH) as aberrant amongst general PTSD sufferers. It aligns these findings with the recent global release of George Miller’s rebooted Mad Max: Fury Road (2015). By undertaking a close textual reading of key film sequences, with reference to the broader narrative, film trauma scholarship and Fury Road’s antecedents, this chapter suggests that this latest version of the Mad Max series strongly conforms to the new paradigms of PTSD symptomology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This is not the only act of cinematic self-cannibalisation by Miller within the series. The Mad Max quartet repeatedly represents characters and narrative actions intertextually.
- 2.
It could be argued that the Feral Kid’s narration as an old man in The Road Warrior can be interpreted as a retrospective trauma narrative, particularly since we see him being taken away as a child against his will (echoing Australia’s Indigenous Stolen Generation) and looking back in anguish at Max, who fails to intervene.
- 3.
Numerous works by psychologists as far back to Carl Jung in the 1950s have specifically addressed such traumas and anxieties. Other examples include works by Robert Lifton, John E. Mack and Sibylle Escalona.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books
Boyer, P. (1985). By the bomb’s early light: American thought and culture at the dawn of the atomic age. New York, NY: Pantheon.
Bravin, J. (2015, May 14). George Miller returns to his personal wasteland in Mad Max: Fury Road. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/05/14/george-miller-returns-to-his-personal-wasteland-in-mad-max-fury-road/
Broderick, M. (1991). Nuclear movies. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
Broderick, M. (2010). Topographies of trauma, dark tourism and world heritage: Hiroshima’s Genbaku Dome. Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific, 24. http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue24/broderick.htm
Campbell, J. (1973). The hero with a thousand faces. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Centre for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://www.med.upenn.edu/ctsa/ptsd_symptoms.html
Clarey, A. (2015, May 11). Why you should not go see Mad Max: Feminist Road. Return of the Kings. Retrieved from http://www.returnofkings.com/63036/why-you-should-not-go-see-mad-max-feminist-road
Dayer, A., Roulet, E., Maeder, P., & Deonna, T. (1998). Post-traumatic mutism in children: Clinical characteristics, pattern of recovery and clinicopathological correlations. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10726832
Derby, J. (2016). Virtual realities: The use of violent video games in U.S. military recruitment and treatment of mental disability caused by war. Disability Studies Quarterly, 36(1). Retrieved from http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/4704/4209
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, I(4), 319–345.
Freud, S. (1936/1975). A disturbance of memory on the Acropolis. In S. Freud (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 22, pp. 239–248). London, UK: Hogarth Press.
Galloway, S. (2016, May 10). Mad Max director George Miller is way too sane to be a mad genius. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved from http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/mad-max-director-george-miller-889872
Hamner, M. B., Frueh, B. C., Ulmer, H. G., Huber, M. G., Twomey, T. J., Tyson, C., et al. (2000). Psychotic features in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia: Comparative severity. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 188(4), 217–221.
Herman, J. (1992). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence – From domestic abuse to political terror. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Kaplan, E. A. (2015). Climate trauma: Foreseeing the future in dystopian film and fiction. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Kermode, F. (1967). The sense of an ending. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Kermode, F. (1995). Waiting for the end. In M. Bull (Ed.), Apocalypse theory and the ends of the world (pp. 252–263). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Kovel, J. (1983). Against the state of nuclear terror. London, UK: Pan.
Lifton, R. J. (1967). Death in life. New York, NY: Penguin.
Lowenstein, A. (2005). Shocking representation: Historical trauma, national cinema, and the modern horror film. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
McCarthy-Jones, S., & Longden, E. (2015). Auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder: Common phenomenology, common cause, common interventions? Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1071. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01071
McHugh, T., Forbes, D., Bates, G., Hopwood, M., & Creamer, M. (2012). Anger in PTSD: Is there a need for a concept of PTSD-related posttraumatic anger? Clinical Psychology Review, 32(2), 93–104.
Nuttall, J. (1968). Bomb culture. New York, NY: Delta.
Olatunji, B. O., Ciesirlski, B. G., & Tolin, D. F. (2010). Fear and loathing: A meta-analytic review of the specificity of anger in PTSD. Behavior Therapy, 41(1), 93–105.
Peary, D. (1984). Directing Mad Max and the Road Warrior: An interview with George Miller. In D. Peary (Ed.), OMNI’s screen flights/screen fantasies (pp. 279–286). New York, NY: Dolphin.
Perine, T. A. (1998). Film and the nuclear age: Representing cultural anxiety. New York, NY: Garland Publishing.
Schildkrout, E. (2004). Inscribing the body. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, 319–344.
Shaw-Williams, H. (2015, May 12). Mad Max: Fury Road consultant Eve Ensler calls it a ‘Feminist Action Film’. Screen Rant. Retrieved from http://screenrant.com/mad-max-fury-road-eve-ensler-feminism/
Steel, C. (2015). Hallucinations as a trauma-based memory: Implications for psychological interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1262. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01262
Steven, M. (2015). Great southern wounds: The trauma of Australian cinema. In A. Narine (Ed.), Eco-trauma cinema (pp. 72–87). London, UK: Routledge.
Traverso, A., & Broderick, M. (2010). Interrogating trauma: Towards a critical trauma studies. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 24(1), 1–13.
Tumarkin, M. (2005). Traumascapes: The power and fate of places transformed by tragedy. Melbourne, VIC: Melbourne University Press.
Walker, J. (2005). Trauma cinema: Documenting incest and the holocaust. Berkeley, CA: University of California.
Watercutter, A. (2015, May 14). Mad Max: Fury Road was worth waiting 30 years for. Wired. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2015/05/mad-max-fury-road-review/
Waters, F., & Fernyhough, C. (2017). Hallucinations: A systematic review of points of similarity and difference across diagnostic classes. Journal of Psychoses and Related Disorders: Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(1), 32–43. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article/43/1/32/2549013/Hallucinations-A-Systematic-Review-of-Points-of
Weart, S. (1998). Nuclear fear: A history of images. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Zeman, S. C., & Amundson, M. A. (2004). Atomic culture: How we learned to stop worrying and love the bomb. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Broderick, M., Ellis, K. (2019). Trauma. In: Trauma and Disability in Mad Max. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19439-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19439-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19438-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19439-0
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)