Abstract
Technology for developing three-dimensional (3D) virtual models in anatomical sciences education has seen a great improvement in recent years. Various data used for creating stereoscopic virtual models have also been constantly improving. This paper focuses specifically on the methodologies of creating stereoscopic virtual models and the techniques and materials used in developing stereoscopic virtual models from both our previous studies and other published literature. The presentation and visualization of stereoscopic models are highlighted, and the benefits and limitations of stereoscopic models are discussed. The practice of making 3D measurements on the lengths, angles, and volumes of models can potentially be used to help predict typical measurement parameters of anatomical structures and for the placement of surgical instruments. Once stereoscopic virtual models have been constructed, their visualization and presentation can be implemented in anatomy education and clinical surgical trainings.
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Acknowledgments
Authors are grateful to Drs. Andrew D, Smith, Tracy C. Marchant, John T. McCarty, Anson L. Thaggard, and Jud Storrs (Dept. Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center) for providing the de-identified radiographic images. Special thanks to Dr. James C. Lynch for his valuable comments and suggestions to this paper. Authors thank Drs. Michael N. Lehman, James C. Lynch, Timothy D. Wilson, and Allan Sinning for their great support. Authors also thank Mr. Jerome Allison for his technical support. The authors have no related conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Cui, D., Chen, J., Meyer, E., Yang, G. (2019). Anatomy Visualizations Using Stereopsis: Current Methodologies in Developing Stereoscopic Virtual Models in Anatomical Education. In: Rea, P. (eds) Biomedical Visualisation . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1156. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19385-0_4
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