Abstract
The movement of water is explained in detail through Darcy-Buckingham’s law. For this, the concepts of flow, gradient, and conductivity are explained and illustrated with practical examples. Special emphasis is given to the hydraulic conductivity, explaining the most common forms of its presentation. The saturated and the unsaturated flows of water are presented in light of the continuity equation, also with several examples of practical importance and some of the determination of the hydraulic conductivity. An introduction is given to the solution of differential equations, mainly of boundary value problems (BVPs). A new concept of matrix flow is introduced, and a short view is given on the movement of water in open channels and pipelines, based on Bernoulli’s law of fluid mechanics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration – guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO, Roma
Brooks RH, Corey AT (1964) Hydraulic properties of porous media. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
Bruce RR, Klute A (1956) The measurement of soil moisture diffusivity. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 20:458–462
Buckingham E (1907) Studies of movement of soil moisture. United States Department of Agriculture Bureau, Washington, DC
Burdine NT (1953) Relative permeability calculation from size distribution data. Trans AIME 198:71–78
Carnaham B, Luther HA, Wilkes JO (1969) Applied numerical methods. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY
Churchill RV (1963) Fourier series and boundary value problems. McGraw Hill, New York, NY
Darcy H (1856) Les fontaines publique de la Ville de Dijon. Victor Dalmont, Paris
De Jong van Lier Q, Dourado-Neto D, Metselaar K (2009) Modeling of transpiration reduction in van Genuchten–Mualem type soils. Water Resour Res 45:1–9
Dourado-Neto D, De Jong van Lier Q, van Genuchten MT, Reichardt K, Metselaar K, Nielsen DR (2011) Alternative analytical expressions for the general van Genuchten-Mualem and van Genuchten-Burdine hydraulic conductivity models. Vadose Zone J 10:618–623
Gardner WR (1956) Calculation of capillary conductivity from pressure plate outflow data. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 20:317–320
Gardner WR (1970) Field measurement of soil water diffusivity. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 34:215–238
Hillel D, Krentos VD, Stylianou Y (1972) Procedure and test of an internal drainage method for measuring soil hydraulic characteristics in situ. Soil Sci 114:395–400
Hubert MK (1956) Darcy’s law and field equations of the flow of underground fluids. Am Inst Min, Metal Petr Eng Trans 207:222–239
Johnson HP, Frevert KR, Evans F (1952) Simplified procedure for the measurement and computation of soil permeability below the water table. Agri Eng 33:283–289
Klute A (1986) Methods of soil analysis. Part I: Physical and mineralogical methods, 2nd edn. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI
Libardi PL, Reichardt K, Nielsen DR, Biggar JW (1980) Simplified field methods for estimating the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:3–6
Luthin JN (1957) Drainage of agricultural lands. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI
Miller EE, Low PF (1963) Threshold gradient for water flow in clay systems. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 27:605–609
Mualem Y (1976) A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour Res 12:513–522
Nobel PS (1983) Biophysical, plant physiology and ecology. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, NY
Prevedello CL, Armindo RA (2015) Fisica do solo com problemas resolvidos, 2nd edn. Prevedello CL, Curitiba
Prevedello CL, Reichardt K (1991) Modelo tridimensional para medida da condutividade hidráulica de solos não saturados. Rev Bras Ciênc Solo 15:121–124
Raats PAC (1970) Steady infiltration from line sources and furrows. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 34:709–714
Reichardt K, Godoy CM (1972) Solução numérica de equações diferenciais parciais. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura. Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba
Reichardt K (1996) Dinâmica da matéria e da energia em ecossistemas. 2a ed. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba
Reichardt K (1985) Processos de transferência no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. Fundação Cargill, Campinas
Reichardt K, Timm LC, Bacchi OOS, Oliveira JCM, Dourado-Neto D (2004) A parameterized equation to estimate hydraulic conductivity in the field. Austr J Soil Res 42:283–287
Rose CW (1966) Agricultural physics. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Rose CW, Stern WR, Drummond JE (1965) Determination of hydraulic conductivity as a function of depth and water content in situ. Austr J Soil Res 3:1–9
Rosenberg NJ, Blad BL, Verma SB (1983) Micro-climate: the biological environment. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY
Sisson JB, Ferguson AH, van Genuchten MT (1980) Simple method for prediction drainage from field plots. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:1147–1152
Swartzendruber D (1962) Non Darcy behavior in liquid saturated porous media. J Geophys Res 67:5205–5213
Van Genuchten MT (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:892–898
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reichardt, K., Timm, L.C. (2020). The Movement of Water in the Systems. In: Soil, Plant and Atmosphere. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19322-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19322-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19321-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19322-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)