Abstract
The case studies on Tunisia and Jordan introduce the specific structural economic challenges the countries are confronted with, present major economic policies pursued, and apply the integrated regulation framework to the countries.
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Notes
- 1.
In the broader picture, Morocco and Tunisia perform fairly well internationally when looking at the ease of starting a business, while Egypt (and pre-war Syria ) exhibits a low performance comparable to India (Noland and Pack 2007: 242–243).
- 2.
However, the conclusion drawn from these insights may not necessarily be to “reorient” students towards technical fields but better seizing the economic potential of business studies, social sciences, or humanities, e.g., through entrepreneurship or the commercialization of humanities in cultural and creative industries or in tourism.
- 3.
- 4.
The latter finding further confirms the argument brought forward in Sect. 3.4 that a knowledge base in humanities and social sciences can serve as a resource for entrepreneurship and innovation in a resource-poor and human capital-rich country such as Tunisia.
- 5.
The commonly used abbreviation “HEI” for “higher education institution” is used here for the sake of consistency with the literature on innovation systems, although according to the perspective taken in this book, HEIs are not institutions but organizations.
- 6.
The author was involved as a consultant in a project to support CITs and clusters in Tunisian regions funded by German technical cooperation.
- 7.
The estimates used in different sources vary significantly because of the difficulty of separating tourism-related activities from other economic activities and thus follow different methods of measurement.
- 8.
Strictly speaking, the LEADER approach originated under the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy.
- 9.
However, there are different regimes for public service provisions for refugees organized separately from the Jordanian state. In particular, for a part of registered Palestinian refugees or their descendants, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) in the Near East provides healthcare and educational services, for example, through schools and TVET centers (UNRWA n.d.).
- 10.
Still, some Palestinian-origin businesspeople are part of the monarchy’s support base (Josua 2016: 9).
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Benner, M. (2020). Case Studies. In: A New Arab Social Contract?. Economic Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19270-9_4
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