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Fungal Inoculants for Native Phosphorus Mobilization

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Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 55))

Abstract

More than 96% of the total native phosphorus present in any agricultural soils is in unavailable inorganic or organic forms. They may be utilized by the plants through the activity of efficient fungi which are secreting/producing/releasing huge amount of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phytase, and organic acids. The important fungi capable of doing the job are in the groups of Aspergillus, Emericella, Gliocladium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Chaetomium besides some AM fungi like Glomus and Gigaspora. The three efficient fungi already used as inoculums are Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium purpurogenum, and Emericella rugulosa. Seed inoculation using these fungi is mobilizing 45–60 kg P and 16–25% increase in yield of different crops. They are mainly exploiting from labile and moderately labile fractions of phosphorus. Minimum concentration of organic acid of fungal origin required to solubilize P was found between 0.2 and 0.5 mM. In fungal-inoculated plants, microbial contribution was more than the plant contribution. Fungal extracellular enzymes were more efficient than their intracellular counterpart. P uptake occurs around the root tip into epidermal cells with their associated root hairs and into cells in the outer layers of the root cortex. Phosphate can also be taken up by transfer from mycorrhizal fungi to root cortical cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BCKV, Kalyani, India

    J. C. Tarafdar

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  1. J. C. Tarafdar
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Bhoopander Giri

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Prasad

  3. College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China

    Qiang-Sheng Wu

  4. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Tarafdar, J.C. (2019). Fungal Inoculants for Native Phosphorus Mobilization. In: Giri, B., Prasad, R., Wu, QS., Varma, A. (eds) Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment . Soil Biology, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18933-4_2

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