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Archaeal Cell Walls

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Book cover Bacterial Cell Walls and Membranes

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 92))

Abstract

The cell wall of archaea, as of any other prokaryote, is surrounding the cell outside the cytoplasmic membrane and is mediating the interaction with the environment. In this regard, it can be involved in cell shape maintenance, protection against virus, heat, acidity or alkalinity. Throughout the formation of pore like structures, it can resemble a micro sieve and thereby enable or disable transport processes. In some cases, cell wall components can make up more than 10% of the whole cellular protein. So far, a great variety of different cell envelope structures and compounds have be found and described in detail. From all archaeal cell walls described so far, the most common structure is the S-layer. Other archaeal cell wall structures are pseudomurein, methanochondroitin, glutaminylglycan, sulfated heteropolysaccharides and protein sheaths and they are sometimes associated with additional proteins and protein complexes like the STABLE protease or the bindosome. Recent advances in electron microscopy also illustrated the presence of an outer(most) cellular membrane within several archaeal groups, comparable to the Gram-negative cell wall within bacteria. Each new cell wall structure that can be investigated in detail and that can be assigned with a specific function helps us to understand, how the earliest cells on earth might have looked like.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Dr. Michaela Stieglmeier, Prof. Dr. Christa Schleper, Prof. Dr. Reinhard Rachel and Prof. Dr. Tairo Oshima for their scientific input and Marion Debus, Cornelia Niemann and Jennifer Grünert for technical assistance.

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  1. Plant Development and Electron Microscopy, Department of Biology I, Biocenter LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

    Andreas Klingl, Carolin Pickl & Jennifer Flechsler

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  1. Andreas Klingl
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  2. Carolin Pickl
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  3. Jennifer Flechsler
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Correspondence to Andreas Klingl .

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    Andreas Kuhn

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Klingl, A., Pickl, C., Flechsler, J. (2019). Archaeal Cell Walls. In: Kuhn, A. (eds) Bacterial Cell Walls and Membranes . Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 92. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18768-2_14

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