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Digenetic Trematodes pp 437–471Cite as

Diagnosis of Human Trematode Infections

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1154))

Abstract

Digenetic trematodes form a major group of human parasites, affecting a large number of humans, especially in endemic foci. Over 100 species have been reported infecting humans, including blood, lung, liver, and intestinal parasites. Traditionally, trematode infections have been diagnosed by parasitological methods based on the detection and the identification of eggs in different clinical samples. However, this is complicated due to the morphological similarity between eggs of different trematode species and other factors such as lack of sensitivity or ectopic locations of the parasites. Moreover, the problem is currently aggravated by migratory flows, international travel, international trade of foods, and changes in alimentary habits. Although efforts have been made for the development of immunological and molecular techniques, the detection of eggs through parasitological techniques remains as the gold standard for the diagnosis of trematodiases. In this chapter, we review the current status of knowledge on diagnostic techniques used when examining feces, urine, and sputum and also analyze the most relevant characteristics used to identify eggs with a quick key for the identification of eggs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the projects PROMETEO/2009/081 and PROMETEO2014-083 Fase II of Conselleria d’Educació, Generalitat Valenciana (Valencia, Spain); by project SN07.A126 of Cooperación al Desarrollo de la Universitat de València (Valencia, Spain); by projects BFU2013-41040 and BFU2016-75639-P of Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Madrid, Spain); and by projects No. RD12/0018/0013 (IV National Program of I+D+I 2008-2011) and RD16/0027/0023 (IV National Program of I+D+I 2017-2021) of the Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales-RICET, ISCIII-Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa of Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (Madrid, Spain).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli & Rafael Toledo

  2. Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Lawrence R. Ash

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  1. J. Guillermo Esteban
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  2. Carla Muñoz-Antoli
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  3. Rafael Toledo
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  4. Lawrence R. Ash
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Correspondence to J. Guillermo Esteban .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Rafael Toledo

  2. Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA

    Bernard Fried

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Esteban, J.G., Muñoz-Antoli, C., Toledo, R., Ash, L.R. (2019). Diagnosis of Human Trematode Infections. In: Toledo, R., Fried, B. (eds) Digenetic Trematodes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1154. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_14

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