Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rolling Circle Replication and Transcription Processes in Geminiviruses

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Geminiviruses

Abstract

Geminivirus causes a tremendous loss in plant yield and the infection occurs in terminally differentiated plant cells wherein in order to complete its life cycle, the host gene expression is induced and also the host cell cycle machinery is modulated (Nagar et al. The Plant Cell 7:705–719, 1995; Hanley-Bowdoin et al. Nat Rev Microbiol 11:777–788, 2013). The small-sized (~2.7 kb) genome of geminivirus utilizes a bidirectional mode of transcription and has overlapping genes in different frames for its efficient usage. Functional studies on various mutants of the entire open reading frames of Tomato golden mosaic virus concluded that the Rep is the only viral protein absolutely necessary for its replication. In addition, it is also involved in the process of transcription and regulates the expression of certain viral genes. The main purpose of this chapter is to provide brief insights into the replication and transcription pathway of geminivirus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Accotto GP, Donson J, Mullineaux PM (1989) Mapping of Digitaria streak virus transcripts reveals different RNA species from the same transcription unit. EMBO J 8(4):1033–1039

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ach RA, Durfee T, Miller AB et al (1997) RRB1 and RRB2 encode maize retinoblastoma-related proteins that interact with a plant D-type Cyclin and Geminivirus replication protein. Mol Cell Biol 17(9):5077–5086

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alberter B, Rezaian MA, Jeske H (2005) Replicative intermediates of tomato leaf curl virus and its satellite DNAs. Virology 331(2):441–448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Argüello-Astorga G, Herrera-Estrella GL, Bustamante RR (1994) Experimental and theoretical definition of Geminivirus origin of replication. Plant Mol Biol 26:553–556

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arguello-Astorga G, Lopez-Ochoa GL, Kong LJ et al (2004) A novel motif in Geminivirus replication proteins interacts with the plant retinoblastoma-related protein. J Virol 78(9):4817–4826

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf MA, Shahid AA, Rao AQ, Bajwa KS et al (2014) Functional characterization of a bidirectional plant promoter from cotton leaf curl Burewala virus using an agrobacterium-mediated transient assay. Viruses 6(1):223–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bagewadi B, Shoajiang C, Sunil KL et al (2004) PCNA interacts with Indian Mung bean yellow mosaic virus rep and Downregulates rep activity. J Virol 78(21):11890–11903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Borah BK, Zarreen F, Baruah G, Dasgupta I (2016) Insights into the control of Geminiviral promoters. Virology 495:101–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Branch AD, Benenfeld BJ, Robertson HD (1988) Evidence for a single rolling circle in the replication of potato spindle tuber Viroid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85(23):9128–9132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Breathnach R, Chambon P (1981) Organization and expression of Eucaryotic Split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 50:349–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo AG, Colline D, Deret S et al (2003) Dual interaction of plant PCNA with Geminivirus replication accessory protein (REn) and viral replication protein (rep). Virology 312(2):381–394

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo AG, Kong LJ, Hanley-Bowdoin L, Bejarano ER (2004) Interaction between a Geminivirus replication protein and the plant Sumoylation system. J Virol 78(6):2758–2769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterji A, Chatterji U, Beachy RN, Fauquet CM (2000) Sequence parameters that determine specificity of binding of the replication-associated protein to its cognate site in two strains of tomato leaf curl virus-New Delhi. Virology 273(2):341–350

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury NR, Malik PS, Singh DK et al (2006) The Oligomeric rep protein of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a likely Replicative Helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 34(21):6362–6377

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Clerot D, Bernardi F (2006) DNA Helicase activity is associated with the replication initiator protein rep of tomato yellow leaf curl Geminivirus. J Virol 80(22):11322–11330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker EL, Woolston CJ, Xue Y et al (1991) Transcript mapping reveals different expression strategies for the Bicistronic RNAs of the Geminivirus wheat dwarf virus. Nucleic Acids Res 19(15):4075–4081

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Desbiez C, David C, Mettouchi A, Laufs J, Gronenborn B (1995) Rep protein of tomato yellow leaf curl Geminivirus has an ATPase activity required for viral DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(12):5640–5644

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Donson J, Morris-Krsinich BA, Mullineaux PM et al (1984) A putative primer for second-Strand DNA synthesis of maize streak virus is Virion-associated. EMBO J 3(13):3069–3073

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eagle PA, Hanley-Bowdoin L (1997) Cis elements that contribute to Geminivirus transcriptional regulation and the efficiency of DNA replication. J Virol 71(9):6947–6955

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eagle PA, Orozco BM, Hanley-Bowdoin L (1994) A DNA sequence required for Geminivirus replication also mediates transcriptional regulation. Plant Cell 6(8):1157–1170

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eini O, Behjatnia SAA, Dogra S et al (2009) Identification of sequence elements regulating promoter activity and replication of a Monopartite Begomovirus-associated DNA β satellite. J Gen Virol 90(1):253–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fenoll C, Black DM, Howell SH (1988) The Intergenic region of maize streak virus contains promoter elements involved in rightward transcription of the viral genome. EMBO J 7(6):1589–1596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fontes EP, Luckow VA, Hanley-Bowdoin L (1992) A Geminivirus replication protein is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. Plant Cell 4(5):597–608

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frey PM, Scharer-Hernandez NG, Futterer J et al (2001) Simultaneous analysis of the bidirectional African cassava mosaic virus pro- Moter activity using two different Luciferase genes. Virus Genes 185(22):596–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Frischmuth S, Frischmuth T, Jeske H (1991) Transcript mapping of Abutilon mosaic virus, a Geminivirus. Virology 185(2):596–604

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • George B, Ruhel R, Mazumder M et al (2014) Mutational analysis of the Helicase domain of a replication initiator protein reveals critical roles of Lys 272 of the B’ motif and Lys 289 of the β-hairpin loop in Geminivirus replication. J Gen Virol 95(PART 7):1591–1602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gopal P, Kumar PP, Sinilal B et al (2007) Differential roles of C4 and C1 in mediating suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing: evidence for Transactivation by the C2 of Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus, a Monopartite Begomovirus. Virus Res 123(1):9–18

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gorbalenya AE, Koonin EV (1993) Helicases: amino acid sequence comparisons and structure-function relationships. Curr Opin Struct Biol 3(3):419–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groning BR, Hayes RJ, Buck KW (1994) Simultaneous regulation of tomato Golden mosaic virus coat protein and AL1 gene expression: expression of the AL4 gene may contribute to suppression of the AL1 gene. J Gen Virol 75(4):721–726

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gros MF, Riele HT, Ehrlich SD (1987) Rolling circle replication of single-stranded DNA plasmid pC194. EMBO J 6(12):3863–3869

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra-Peraza O, Kirk D, Seltzer V et al (2005) Coat proteins of Rice Tungro bacilliform virus and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus contain multiple nuclear-localization signals and interact with Importin α. J Gen Virol 86(6):1815–1826

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley-Bowdoin L, Elmer JS, Rogers SG (1988) Transient expression of Heterologous RNAs using tomato Golden mosaic virus. Nucleic Acids Res 16(22):10511–10528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley-Bowdoin L, Elmer LJS, Rogers SG (1989) Functional expression of the leftward open Reading frames of the a component of tomato Golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell 1(11):1057–1067

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley-Bowdoin L, Settlage SB, Orozco BM et al (1999) Geminiviruses: models for plant DNA replication, transcription, and cell cycle regulation. Crit Rev Plant Sci 18(1):71–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley-Bowdoin L, Settlage SB, Orozco BM et al (2000) Geminiviruses: models for plant DNA replication, transcription, and cell cycle regulation. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 35(2):105–140

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley-Bowdoin L, Settlage SB, Robertson D (2004) Reprogramming plant gene expression: a prerequisite to Geminivirus DNA replication. Mol Plant Pathol 5(2):149–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley-Bowdoin L, Bejarano ER, Robertson D et al (2013) Geminiviruses: masters at redirecting and reprogramming plant processes. Nat Rev Microbiol 11(11):777–788

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison BD, Robinson DJ (1999) Natural genomic and antigenic variation in whitefly-transmitted Geminiviruses (Begomoviruses). Annu Rev Phytopathol 37:369–398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartitz MD, Sunter G, Bisaro DM (1999) The tomato Golden mosaic virus Transactivator (TrAP) is a single-stranded DNA and zinc-binding Phosphoprotein with an acidic activation domain. Virology 263(1):1–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes RJ, Buck KW (1989) Replication of tomato Golden mosaic virus DNA B in transgenic plants expressing open Reading frames (ORFs) of DNA a: requirement of ORF AL2 for production of single-stranded DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 17(24):10213–10222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Heyraud-Nitschke F, Schumacher S, Laufs J et al (1995) Determination of the origin cleavage and joining domain of Geminivirus rep proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 23(6):910–916

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hipp K, Rau P, Schäfer B et al (2014) The RXL motif of the African cassava mosaic virus rep protein is necessary for Rereplication of yeast DNA and viral infection in plants. Virology 462–463(1):189–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofer JM, Dekker EL, Reynold HV et al (1992) Coordinate regulation of replication and Virion sense gene expression in wheat dwarf virus. Plant Cell 4(2):213–223

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hormuzdi SG, Bisaro DM (1993) Genetic analysis of beet curly top virus: evidence for three Virion sense genes involved in movement and regulation of single- and double-stranded Dna levels. Virology 193(2):900–909

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horns T, Jeske H (1991) Localization of Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) DNA within leaf tissue by in situ hybridization. Virology 181(2):580–588

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hung HC, Petty ITD (2001) Functional equivalence of late gene promoters in bean Golden mosaic virus with those in tomato Golden mosaic virus. J Gen Virol 82(3):667–672

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hur J, Buckley KJ, Lee S, Davis KR (2007) Transcriptional activator elements for Curtovirus C1 expression reside in the 3 ’ coding region of ORF C1. Mol Cells 23(1):80–87

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hur J, Choi YE, Buckley KJ, Lee S et al (2008) Identification of a promoter motif involved in Curtovirus sense-gene expression in transgenic Arabidopsis. Mol Cells 26(2):131–139

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ilyina TV, Koonin EV (1992) Conserved sequence motifs in the initiator proteins for rolling circle DNA replication encoded by diverse Replicons from Eubacteria, Eucaryotes and Archaebacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 20(13):3279–3285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jeske H, Lütgemeier M, Preib W (2001) DNA forms indicate rolling circle and recombination-dependent replication of Abutilon mosaic virus. EMBO J 20(21):6158–6167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaliappan K, Choudhury NR, Suyal G, Mukherjee SK (2012) A novel role for RAD54: this host protein modulates Geminiviral DNA replication. FASEB J 26(3):1142–1160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kammann M, Schalk HJ, Matzeit V, chaefer S et al (1991) DNA replication of wheat dwarf virus, a Geminivirus, requires two Cis-acting signals. Virology 184(2):786–790

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koepsel RR (1985) The replication initiator protein of plasmid pT181 has sequence-specific Endonuclease and Topoisomerase-like activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci 82(20):6845–6849

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kong LJ, Hanley-Bowdoin L (2002) A Geminivirus replication protein interacts with a protein Kinase and a motor protein that display different expression patterns during plant development and infection. Plant Cell 14(8):1817–1832

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar RV, Prasanna HC, Singh AK, Ragunathan D et al (2017) Molecular genetic analysis and evolution of Begomoviruses and Betasatellites causing yellow mosaic disease of Bhendi. Virus Genes 53(2):275–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kushwaha NK, Bhardwaj M, Chakraborty S (2017) The replication initiator protein of a Geminivirus interacts with host Monoubiquitination machinery and stimulates transcription of the viral genome. PLoS Pathog 13(8):e1006587. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lacatus G, Sunter G (2008) Functional analysis of bipartite Begomovirus coat protein promoter sequences. Virology 376(1):79–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laufs J, Traut W, Heyraud F, Matzeit F et al (1995) In vitro cleavage and joining at the viral origin of replication by the replication initiator protein of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(9):3879–3883

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis JD, Lazarowitz SG (2010) Arabidopsis Synaptotagmin SYTA regulates Endocytosis and virus movement protein cell-to-cell transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107(6):2491–2496

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Luque A, Andrés P, Burgos S, Ramirez-Parra E et al (2002) Interaction of Geminivirus rep protein with replication factor C and its potential role during Geminivirus DNA replication. Virology 302(1):83–94

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mazithulela G, Sudhakar D, Heckel T, Mehlo L et al (2000) The maize streak virus coat protein transcription unit exhibits tissue-specific expression in transgenic Rice. Plant Sci 155:21–29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris-Krsinich BAM, Mullineaux PM, Donson J, Boulton MI et al (1985) Bidirectional transcription of maize streak virus DNA and identification of the coat protein gene. Nucleic Acids Res 13:7237–7256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morris-Krsinich BAM, Richardson KA, Haley A, Zhan XC et al (1992) The nucleotide sequence of the infectious cloned Dna component of tobacco yellow dwarf virus reveals features of Geminiviruses infecting monocotyledonous plants. Virology 187(2):633–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mullineaux PM, Guerineau F, Accotto GP (1990) Processing of complementary sense RNAs of Digitaria streak virus in its host and in transgenic tobacco. Nucleic Acids Res 18(24):7259–7265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mullineaux PM, Rigden JE, Dry IB, Krake LR et al (1993) Mapping of the Polycistronic RNAs of tomato leaf curl Geminivirus. Virology 193(1):414–423

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagar S, Pedersen TJ, Carrick KM, Hanley-Bowdoin L et al (1995) A geminivirus induces expression of a host DNA synthesis protein in terminally differentiated plant cells. Plant Cell 7(June):705–719

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nash TE, Dallas MB, Reyes MI, Buhrman GK et al (2011) Functional analysis of a novel motif conserved across Geminivirus rep proteins. J Virol 85(3):1182–1192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nikovics K, Simidjieva J, Peres A, Ayaydin F et al (2001) Cell-cycle, phase-specific activation of maize streak virus promoters. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 14(5):609–617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noris E, Jupin I, Accotto GP, Gronenborn B (1996) DNA-binding activity of the C2 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl Geminivirus. Virology 217(2):607–612

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orozco BM, Hanley-Bowdoin L (1998) Conserved sequence and structural motifs contribute to the DNA binding and cleavage activities of a Geminivirus replication protein. J Biol Chem 273(38):24448–24456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orozco BM, Miller AB, Settlage SB, Hanley-Bowdoin L (1997) Functional domains of a Geminivirus replication protein. J Biol Chem 272(15):9840–9846

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pant V, Gupta D, Choudhury NR, Malathi VG et al (2001) Molecular characterization of the rep protein of the Blackgram isolate of Indian Mungbean yellow mosaic virus. J Gen Virol 82(10):2559–2567

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pascal E, Sanderfoot AA, Ward BM, Medville R et al (1994) The Geminivirus BR1 movement protein binds single-stranded DNA and localizes to the cell nucleus. Plant Cell 6(7):995–1006

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pasumarthy KK, Choudhury NR, Mukherjee SK (2010) Tomato leaf curl Kerala virus (ToLCKeV) AC3 protein forms a higher order Oligomer and enhances ATPase activity of replication initiator protein (rep/AC1). Virol J 7:128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Petty ITD, Coutts RHA, Buck KW (1986) Geminivirus coat protein gene promoter sequences can function in Escherichia Coli. Nucleic Acids Res 14(12):5113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Petty ITD, Coutts RHA, Buck KW (1988) Transcriptional mapping of the coat protein gene of tomato Golden mosaic virus. J Gen Virol 69(1988):1359–1365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pilartz M, Jeske H (1992) Abutilon mosaic Geminivirus double-stranded DNA is packed into Minichromosomes. Virology 189(2):800–802

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pilartz M, Jeske H (2003) Mapping of Abutilon mosaic Geminivirus Minichromosomes. J Virol 77(20):10808–10818

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pooggin MM (2013) How can plant DNA viruses evade siRNA-directed DNA Methylation and silencing? Int J Mol Sci 14(8):15233–15259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Preiss W, Jeske H (2003) Multitasking in replication is common among Geminiviruses. J Virol 77(5):2972–2980

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rao K, Sunter G (2012) Sequences within the spinach curly top virus Virion sense promoter are necessary for vascular-specific expression of Virion sense genes. Virology 432(1):10–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richter KS, Kleinow T, Jeske H (2014) Somatic homologous recombination in plants is promoted by a Geminivirus in a tissue-selective manner. Virology 452–453:287–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richter KS, Ende L, Jeske H (2015) Rad54 is not essential for any Geminiviral replication mode in Planta. Plant Mol Biol 87(1–2):193–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richter KS, Serra H, White CI, Jeske H (2016) The recombination mediator RAD51D promotes Geminiviral infection. Virology 493:113–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi I, Choudhury NR, Tuteja N (2014) Insights into the functional characteristics of Geminivirus rolling-circle replication initiator protein and its interaction with host factors affecting viral DNA replication. Arch Virol 160(2):375–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruschhaupt M, Darren PM, Lakay F, Bezuidenhout M et al (2013) Replication modes of maize streak virus mutants lacking RepA or the RepA-pRBR interaction motif. Virology 442(2):173–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Duran MA, Dallas MB, Ascencio-Ibanez JT, Reyes MI et al (2011) Interaction between Geminivirus replication protein and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme is required for viral infection. J Virol 85(19):9789–9800

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders K, Stanley J (1995) Complementation of African cassava mosaic virus AC2 gene function in a mixed bipartite Geminivirus infection. J Gen Virol 76(9):2287–2292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders K, Lucy A, Stanley J (1991) DNA forms of the Geminivirus African cassava mosaic virus consistent with a rolling circle mechanism of replication. Nucleic Acids Res 19(9):2325–2330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders K, Lucy A, Stanley J (1992) RNA-primed complementary-sense DNA synthesis of the Geminivirus African cassava mosaic virus. Nucleic Acids Res 20(23):6311–6315

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schalk HJ, Matzeit V, Schell J, Gronenborn B (1989) Wheat dwarf virus, a Geminivirus of Graminaceous plants needs splicing for replication. EMBO J 8(2):359–364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Serra H, Ines OD, Degroote F, Gallego ME et al (2013) Roles of XRCC2, RAD51B and RAD51D in RAD51-independent SSA recombination. PLoS Genet 9(11):e1003971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Settlage SB, Miller AB, Gruissem W, Hanley-Bowdoin L (2001) Dual interaction of a Geminivirus replication accessory factor with a viral replication protein and a plant cell cycle regulator. Virology 279(2):570–576

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shivaprasad PV, Akbergenov R, Trinks D, Veluthambi K et al (2005) Promoters, transcripts, and regulatory proteins of Mungbean yellow mosaic Geminivirus promoters, transcripts, and regulatory proteins of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Geminivirus. J Virol 79(13):8149–8163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shung CY, Sunter J, Sirasanagandla SS, Sunter G (2006) Distinct viral sequence elements are necessary for expression of tomato Golden mosaic virus complementary sense transcripts that direct AL2 and AL3 gene expression. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 19(12):1394–1405

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh DK, Mohammad NI, Choudhury NR, Karjee S et al (2007) The 32 kDa subunit of replication protein a (RPA) participates in the DNA replication of Mung bean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) by interacting with the viral rep protein. Nucleic Acids Res 35(3):755–770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stenger DC, Revington GN, Stevenson MC, Bisaro DM (1991) Replicational release of Geminivirus genomes from Tandemly repeated copies: evidence for rolling-circle replication of a plant viral DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci 88(18):8029–8033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sung YK, Coutts RHA (1995) Pseudorecombination and complementation between potato yellow mosaic Geminivirus and tomato Golden mosaic Geminivirus. J Gen Virol 76(11):2809–2815

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sung YK, Coutts RHA (1996) Potato yellow mosaic Geminivirus AC2 protein is a sequence non-specific DNA binding protein. FEBS Lett 383(1–2):51–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sunter G, Bisaro DM (1989) Transcription map of the B genome component of tomato Golden mosaic virus and comparison with a component transcripts. Virology 173(2):647–655

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sunter G, Bisaro DM (1991) Transactivation in a Geminivirus: AL2 gene product is needed for coat protein expression. Virology 180(1):416–419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sunter G, Bisaro DM (1992) Transactivation of Geminivirus AR1 and BR1 gene expression by the viral AL2 gene product occurs at the level of transcription. Plant Cell 4(10):1321–1331

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sunter G, Bisaro DM (1997) Regulation of a Geminivirus coat protein promoter by AL2 protein (TrAP): evidence for activation and Derepression mechanisms. Virology 232(2):269–280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sunter G, Bisaro DM (2003) Identification of a minimal sequence required for activation of the tomato Golden mosaic virus coat protein promoter in protoplasts. Virology 305(2):452–462

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sunter G, Hartitz MD, Hormuzdi SG, Brough CL et al (1990) Genetic analysis of tomato Golden mosaic virus: ORF AL2 is required for coat protein accumulation while ORF AL3 is necessary for efficient DNA replication. Virology 179(1):69–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sunter G, Hartitz MD, Bisaro DM (1993) Tomato Golden mosaic virus leftward gene expression: autoregulation of Geminivirus replication protein. Virology 195(1):275–280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suyal G, Mukherjee SK, Choudhury NR (2013) The host factor RAD51 is involved in Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) DNA replication. Arch Virol 158(9):1931–1941

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thommes PA, Buck KW (1994) Synthesis of the tomato Golden mosaic virus AL1, AL2, AL3 and AL4 proteins in vitro. J Gen Virol 75(8):1827–1834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend R, Stanley J, Curson SJ, Short MN (1985) Major Polyadenylated transcripts of cassava latent virus and location of the gene encoding coat protein. EMBO J 4(1):33–37

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trinks D, Rajeswaran R, Shivaprasad PV, Akbergenov R et al (2005) Suppression of RNA silencing by a Geminivirus nuclear protein, AC2, correlates with Transactivation of host genes. J Virol 79(4):2517–2527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tu J, Sunter G (2007) A conserved binding site within the tomato Golden mosaic virus AL-1629 promoter is necessary for expression of viral genes important for pathogenesis. Virology 367(1):117–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama A, Shimada-Beltran H, Levy A, Zheng JY et al (2014) The Arabidopsis Synaptotagmin SYTA regulates the cell-to-cell movement of diverse plant viruses. Front Plant Sci 5:584

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Usharani KS, Periasamy M, Malathi VG (2006) Studies on the activity of a bidirectional promoter of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus by Agroinfiltration. Virus Res 119(2):154–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderschuren H, Akbergenov R, Pooggin MM, Hohn T et al (2007) Transgenic cassava resistance to African cassava mosaic virus is enhanced by viral DNA-A bidirectional promoter-derived siRNAs. Plant Mol Biol 64(5):549–557

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WC, Hsu YH, Lin NS, Wu CY et al (2013) A novel prokaryotic promoter identified in the genome of some Monopartite Begomoviruses. PLoS One 8(7):e70037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WC, Wu CY, Lai YC, Lin NS et al (2014) Characterizationof the cryptic AV3 promoter of Ageratum yellow vein virus in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. PLoS One 9:e108608

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Willment JA, Martin DP, Palmer KE, Schnippenkoetter WH et al (2007) Identification of long Intergenic region sequences involved in maize streak virus replication. J Gen Virol 88. (Pt 6:1831–1841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wright EA, Heckel T, Groenendijk J, Davies JW et al (1997) Splicing features in maize streak virus Virion- and complementary-sense gene expression. Plant J 12(6):1285–1297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wyant PS, Kober S, Schwierzok A, Kocher C et al (2012) Cloned tomato Golden mosaic virus Back in tomatoes. Virus Res 167(2):397–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Q, Suárez-López P, Gutiérrez C (1995) Identification and analysis of a retinoblastoma binding motif in the replication protein of a plant DNA virus: requirement for efficient viral DNA replication. EMBO J 14(16):4073–4082

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Q, Sanz-Burgos AP, Guo H, García JA et al (1999) GRAB proteins, novel members of the NAC domain family, isolated by their interaction with a Geminivirus protein. Plant Mol Biol 39(4):647–656

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Y, Liu Y, Meng M, Chen L et al (2003) Isolation and identification of a super strong plant promoter from cotton leaf curl Multan virus. Plant Mol Biol 53(1–2):1–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Baliji S, Buchmann RC, Wang H et al (2007) Functional modulation of the Geminivirus AL2 transcription factor and silencing suppressor by self-interaction. J Virol 81(21):11972–11981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yingqiu X, Yule L, Zhen Z (2001) Expressing activity of promoter elements of large Intergenic region from cotton leaf curl virus in host plant. Sci China Ser C Life Sci 44(1):8–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan X, Haley A, Richardson K, Morris B (1991) Analysis of the potential promoter sequences of African cassava mosaic virus by transient expression of the ??-Glucuronidase gene. J Gen Virol 72(11):2849–2852

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Rojas MR, Park MR, Seo YS et al (2011) Histone H3 interacts and Colocalizes with the nuclear shuttle protein and the movement protein of a Geminivirus. J Virol 85(22):11821–11832

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Nivedita Sharma & Rajrani Ruhel

Authors
  1. Nivedita Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rajrani Ruhel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

    R. Vinoth Kumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sharma, N., Ruhel, R. (2019). Rolling Circle Replication and Transcription Processes in Geminiviruses. In: Kumar, R. (eds) Geminiviruses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18248-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation