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Drinking Water Minerals and Mineral Balance pp 63–99Cite as

Micro-minerals at Optimum Concentrations – Protection Against Diseases

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Abstract

Micro-minerals are as necessary as macro-minerals, but in lower doses, micro-doses. Drinking water may be a substantial source. Goitre is uncommon where iodine (I) is >50 μg/L. Levels of about 1 mg/L of fluoride (F) in drinking water is protective against dental caries, but more than 1.5 mg/L may cause dental stains or in the worst case bone deformations. Low selenium (Se) and molybdenum (Mo) is connected to heart diseases and cancer. Lithium (Li) in drinking water decreases the incidence of violent crimes and suicide. Boron (B, <1 mg/L) and chromium (Cr-III) from drinking water may be beneficial. Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are nutrients, but concentrations >1 mg/L may cause diarrhoea and subsequent symptoms. Elevated manganese (Mn) may negatively affect the nervous system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED), KTH, Royal Institute of Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ingegerd Rosborg

  2. Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Margherita Ferrante

  3. Bombay, India

    Vasant Soni

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Correspondence to Ingegerd Rosborg .

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  1. Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED), KTH, Royal Institute of Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ingegerd Rosborg

  2. Department of Water Hygiene, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic

    Frantisek Kozisek

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Rosborg, I., Ferrante, M., Soni, V. (2019). Micro-minerals at Optimum Concentrations – Protection Against Diseases. In: Rosborg, I., Kozisek, F. (eds) Drinking Water Minerals and Mineral Balance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18034-8_4

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