Abstract
This chapter analyses the business of news sharing through a political economic prism, investigating how social media platforms and analytics services are transforming journalism, news production and distribution. Martin introduces the concept of critical media ecology to investigate the interrelated business models, ownership patterns and industrial power of key platform corporations such as Facebook and Microsoft, and news intermediaries like Gigya, Chartbeat and ICUC that provide social metadata services, such as news analytics, identity management, and content placement. She also analyses the companies providing dialogic media services such as content hosting, community management and social indexing. In exploring China’s control over its sharing ecology, and the rise in social data trading, the chapter raises questions about the fate of media freedom in the twenty-first century.
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Notes
- 1.
A point made initially by Nic Newman and his colleagues at the Reuters Institute (Newman et al. 2016), but without acknowledging the range of actors involved in consolidating platform power.
- 2.
Deloitte (2017) found that 91% of users signing up to mobile app and service providers accepted but did not read terms of service before installing the app software.
- 3.
This is the expansion of an older argument about ratings measuring the work of attending to television (Meehan 2005).
- 4.
For example, the United Nations accused Facebook of playing a determining role in the violence perpetrated against the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar by not restraining the spread of ultra-nationalist hate speech (Meixler 2018). Facebook was also condemned for suspending Rohingya activist accounts and deleting posts describing their persecution (Wong et al. 2017).
- 5.
Here, we can note the General Data Protection Regulation of 2016, and also the European Commission’s Code of Conduct for Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online 2016.
- 6.
In partnership with six telecommunications companies including Samsung, Nokia and Ericsson, it also tried to become the portal to the internet in developing countries, with internet.org later named its Facebook Basics app, and a range of internet provision experiments with drones and satellites (Hempel 2018).
- 7.
The number of moderation staff is based on a 2018 New York Times report (Fisher 2018). Most work with the Bertelsmann subsidiary Arvato, which claims to be the world’s third largest business process outsourcing operation.
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Martin, F. (2019). The Business of News Sharing. In: Sharing News Online. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17906-9_4
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