Skip to main content

Wrist and Hand

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 776 Accesses

Abstract

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) of paediatric wrists and hands can be a challenge due to age-specific physiological development and findings. MSUS of the hands and wrists is an important tool to diagnose inflammatory conditions, and the examiner must be highly knowledgeable about the normal age-related findings in these anatomic regions. This chapter covers the most important standard scans of paediatric wrists and hands and gives an overview of the normal paediatric sonoanatomy. In this chapter, basic pathologic findings are demonstrated by examples from paediatric rheumatology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Marshall WA, Healy MJR, Goldstein H. Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW method). 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bilgili Y, Hizel S, Kara SA, et al. Accuracy of skeletal age assessment in children from birth to 6 years of age with the ultrasonographic version of the Greulich-Pyle atlas. J Ultrasound Med. 2003;22:683–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wagner UA, Diedrich V, Schmitt O. Determination of skeletal maturity by ultrasound: a preliminary report. Skelet Radiol. 1995;24:417–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Collado P, Vojinovic J, Nieto JC, Windschall D, Magni Manzoni S, Bruyn GAW, et al., On Behalf of the OMERACT Ultrasound Group. Toward standardized musculoskeletal ultrasound in paediatric rheumatology: normal age-related ultrasound findings. Arthritis Care Res. 2016;68:348–56.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Windschall D, Collado P, Vojinovic J, et al. Age-related vascularization and ossification of joints in children: an international pilot study to test multi-observer ultrasound reliability. Arthritis Care Res. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.23335.

  7. Collado P, Windschall D, Vojinovic J, et al. Amendment of the OMERACT ultrasound definitions of joints’ features in healthy children when using the DOPPLER technique. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2018;16:23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Windschall D, Pommerenke M, Haase R. Ultrasound assessment of the skeletal development of the proximal femoral, distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses in premature and mature neonates. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016;42:451–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Roth J, Jousse-Joulin S, Magni-Manzoni S, Rodriguez A, Tzaribachev N, Iagnocco A, et al., Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Ultrasound Group. Definitions for the sonographic features of joints in healthy children. Arthritis Care Res. 2015;67:136–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bruyn GAW, Schmidt WA. Introductory guide to musculoskeletal ultrasound for the rheumatologist. 2nd ed. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Strunk J. Sonografische Diagnostik in der Rheumatologie. 1st ed. Bremen: UNI-MED Verlag; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Spannow AH, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Andersen NT, Herlin T, Stenbog E. Ultrasonographic measurements of joint cartilage thickness in healthy children: age- and sex-related standard reference values. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:2595–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Collado P, Naredo E, Calvo C, Crespo M. Assessment of the joint recesses and tendon sheaths in healthy children by high-resolution B-mode and power Doppler sonography. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25:915–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Rosendahl K, Bruserud IS, Oehme N, et al. Normative ultrasound references for the paediatric wrist; dorsal soft tissues. RMD Open. 2018;4:e000642.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Wakefield RJ, Balint PV, Szkudlarek M, Filippucci E, Backhaus M, D’Agostino MA, et al., For the OMERACT 7 Special Interest Group. Musculoskeletal ultrasound including definitions for ultrasonographic pathology. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:2485–87.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Magni-Manzoni S, Epis O, Ravelli A, Klersy C, Veisconti C, Lanni S, et al. Comparison of clinical versus ultrasound determined synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1497–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Roth J, Ravagnani V, Backhaus M, et al. Preliminary definitions for the sonographic features of synovitis in children. Arthritis Care Res. 2017;69:1217–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Breton S, Jousse-Joulin S, Cangemi C, de Parscau L, Colin D, Bressolette L, et al. Comparison of clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations for peripheral synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41:272–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Windschall .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Windschall, D. (2020). Wrist and Hand. In: El Miedany, Y. (eds) Pediatric Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17824-6_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17824-6_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17823-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17824-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics