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Research Updates on Heavy Metal Phytoremediation: Enhancements, Efficient Post-harvesting Strategies and Economic Opportunities

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Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 38))

Abstract

The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites must be viewed seriously as they affect the animal and human health. The amount of heavy metal released from the industries into the environment is expected to be more in the future due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, increased population and war spoil. The plant-mediated remediation of heavy metals from the contaminated site known as ‘phytoremediation’ was found to be effective, economically viable and safe. In this review, we elaborate the effect of heavy metal on human health, mechanisms of metal uptake in plants, enhancement techniques and challenges in the implementation of phytoremediation, comparison of existing physiochemical methods available for heavy metal with phytoremediation and disposal of metal-contaminated plant biomass in the economically profitable ways.

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Abbreviations

CDTA:

Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid

CNS:

Central nervous system

DMA:

Dimethyl arsenic acid

DTPA:

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid

EDDS:

Ethylenediamine-N, N′-disuccinic acid

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

EGTA:

Ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl ether) N, N, N′, N′-tetra-acetic acid

GI:

Gastrointestinal

HMCB:

Heavy metal-contaminated biomass

MMA:

Monomethyl arsenic acid

NTA:

Nitrilotriacetic acid

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UV:

Ultraviolet

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Bioremediation Research, Unit Operations Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Muthusaravanan, N. Sivarajasekar, J. S. Vivek, S. Vasudha Priyadharshini & T. Paramasivan

  2. Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands

    Nirajan Dhakal

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mu. Naushad

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  1. S. Muthusaravanan
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  2. N. Sivarajasekar
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  3. J. S. Vivek
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  4. S. Vasudha Priyadharshini
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  5. T. Paramasivan
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  6. Nirajan Dhakal
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  7. Mu. Naushad
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mu. Naushad

  2. Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Muthusaravanan, S. et al. (2020). Research Updates on Heavy Metal Phytoremediation: Enhancements, Efficient Post-harvesting Strategies and Economic Opportunities. In: Naushad, M., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17724-9_9

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