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Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment pp 277–289Cite as

Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Pollutants Using Lignocellulosic Materials

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Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 38))

Abstract

Water contamination through drug disposal is a prominent problem as it has harsh consequences on food chains. Over 100,000 tonnes of pharmaceutical products are consumed globally every year, and during their manufacture, use and disposal, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) as well as other chemical ingredients are released into the environment. Dry plant matter is called lignocellulosic biomass which is easily available in abundance on the Earth’s surface and is composed of carbohydrate polymers (hemicellulose, cellulose) and aromatic polymer (lignin). These polymeric carbohydrates contain different sugar monomers bounded tightly to lignin. Recently, great attention has been paid to remove pharmaceutical pollutants for which various treatment methods are known including both advanced (e.g. membrane, microfiltration, ozonation) and conventional (e.g. adsorption, biodegradation, activated sludge) processes. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the removal of pharmaceuticals using adsorption from wastewater using lignocellulosic materials. Adsorption capacity of various adsorbents from various sources have been reviewed for their capacity to remove pharmaceuticals from water. There are numerous adsorbents including most commonly used carbonaceous materials, clays and polymeric and siliceous materials. The adsorption capacity of various lignocellulosic materials for pharmaceutical removal from water is discussed in this chapter. The mechanism for adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto lignocellulosic adsorbents is also discussed herein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    Atul Sharma & Saif Ali Chaudhry

Authors
  1. Atul Sharma
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  2. Saif Ali Chaudhry
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mu. Naushad

  2. Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Sharma, A., Chaudhry, S.A. (2020). Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Pollutants Using Lignocellulosic Materials. In: Naushad, M., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17724-9_12

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