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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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Fundamentals of Neurosurgery

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Abstract

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is blood in the subarachnoid space that is most commonly caused by trauma but, on occasion, can occur spontaneously without injury. Nontraumatic SAH is a rare cause of stroke that is often due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms cause great morbidity and mortality, leading to life-altering effects. An aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) must be treated by open surgery (most often via clipping) or endovascularly (most often via coiling). After the initial treatment, physiological complications often develop including vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, seizures, and hydrocephalus, among other pathologies inherent to critically ill patients. All of these manifestations are treated in a multimodal manner by multiple specialties. Although with the advent of modern medicine aSAH management and outcomes have improved, future research is necessary to determine the best management regimen for each patient.

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Abbreviations

aSAH:

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

BRAT:

Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial

CT:

Computed tomography

DCI:

Delayed cerebral ischemia

ISAT:

International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial

SAH:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the staff of Neuroscience Publications at Barrow Neurological Institute for assistance with manuscript preparation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Joshua S. Catapano & Michael T. Lawton

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  1. Joshua S. Catapano
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  2. Michael T. Lawton
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Correspondence to Michael T. Lawton .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery Division, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Andrei Fernandes Joaquim

  2. Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery Division, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Enrico Ghizoni

  3. Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery Division, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Helder Tedeschi

  4. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Mauro Augusto Tostes Ferreira

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Catapano, J.S., Lawton, M.T. (2019). Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. In: Joaquim, A., Ghizoni, E., Tedeschi, H., Ferreira, M. (eds) Fundamentals of Neurosurgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17649-5_8

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