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Overview of Urinary Tract Infections

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The Role of Bacteria in Urology

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Abstract

Traditionally, both the urinary tract and urine were thought to be sterile. However, recent evidence seems to suggest the presence of a urinary tract microbiome, which is believed to play a significant role in maintaining overall urinary health (Whiteside et al. Nat Rev Urol 12(2):81–90, 2015). Similar to the intestinal microbiome, the urinary tract microbiome likely plays a role in host protection by preventing uropathogens from colonizing and in turn, causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, when uropathogens are successful in establishing infection, these infections can be classified into upper or lower UTIs. Lower UTIs involve the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis) and prostate (prostatitis). Upper UTIs involve the kidneys and are also considered ascending infections due to bacteria ascending from the bladder to the kidneys. This chapter will provide an overview of UTIs and discuss some of the most common pathogens involved. Prostatitis will be discussed in a separate chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Justin Y. H. Chan

  2. University of British Columbia, The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Kymora B. Scotland & Dirk Lange

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  1. University of British Columbia, The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Dirk Lange

  2. University of British Columbia, The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Kymora B. Scotland

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Chan, J.Y.H., Scotland, K.B., Lange, D. (2019). Overview of Urinary Tract Infections. In: Lange, D., Scotland, K. (eds) The Role of Bacteria in Urology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17542-9_2

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