Abstract
The urine has its own unique microbiota even in the absence of urinary tract infections. The composition of the human urinary virome is variable, and the distribution of viral proteins in the urinary tract is impacted by immune status, diet and environmental, dietary, or cutaneous exposure to various insecticides and pesticides. Additionally, while candiduria is a common clinical finding, particularly in hospitalized patients, there is now known to be a diverse fungal community present in the urinary tract that has only recently been identified. With further characterization of these microbiota, even if they are not known to be pathogenic, specific signatures may prove useful as diagnostic or prognostic markers of disease.
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Abbreviations
- AdV:
-
Adenovirus
- BKV:
-
BK virus
- CMV:
-
Cytomegalovirus
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- HPV:
-
Human papillomavirus
- JCV:
-
JC virus
- NAAT:
-
Nucleic acid amplification tests
- NGS:
-
Next-generation DNA sequencing
- PML:
-
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- RSV:
-
Respiratory syncytial virus
- SOT:
-
Solid organ transplant
- UTI:
-
Urinary tract infection
- VLP:
-
Virus-like particles
- VZV:
-
Varicella zoster virus
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Ho, L., Parmar, S., Scotland, K.B. (2019). Beyond Bacteria: The Mycobiome and Virome in Urology. In: Lange, D., Scotland, K. (eds) The Role of Bacteria in Urology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17542-9_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17542-9_13
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