Accreditation of Design Education Programmes

Abstract

The purpose of the chapter is to outline, first of all, the meaning of accreditation as used by professional bodies, why it is important to consider, and how it is applied to design courses in particular. The context of the chapter is the United Kingdom, and the processes described are carried out by United Kingdom organisations. The chapter describes the bodies that carry out accreditations of design degrees, and what sort of authority they need in order to be able to carry out such processes. These are the Chartered Society of Designers (CSD) and the Institution of Engineering Designers (IED). Accreditation by institutions licensed by the Engineering Council is also covered. The Higher Education Academy’s processes of accreditation are also described. The reasons for degree course accreditations are outlined and the value of accreditation is suggested for a range of stakeholders. The chapter covers the requirements that need to be met for a course to be accredited, and describes the process of accreditation. It ends with a brief look at what might cause problems during accreditations and how they can go wrong. There is a brief look at accreditations of courses in a non-United Kingdom context.

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 1. Chartered Society of Designers CPSK™ Matrix

Creativity

C1	Creativity	How their imagination, intuition, insight and inspiration has contributed to their work
C2	Generating	Awareness of creative problem-solving (CPS) techniques and their application. An understanding of the inhibitors of creative thought and how to negotiate them. Risk aware versus risk averse. Ability to generate appropriate ideas. How to negotiate convergent or divergent thinking in problem-solving. Inquisition—serendipity—questioning
C3	Managing	Ability to scope, analyse, evaluate and select ideas for development. Proving of ideas for use in a specified context. Throughout the creative process, managing ideas in a business and creative environment, using analysis and evaluation as well as independent thinking
C4	Innovate	Adoption of generated ideas to address specific problem or need as set out in a brief or requirement in an original way. Identifying where ideas can be used to deliver original solutions in existing markets or creating new markets. Ability to exploit potential of creative ideas by the use of design principles to generate original outcomes

Professionalism

P1	Values	They possess and exercise values that are common to the environment in which designers practice. Are able to maintain integrity when undertaking work showing due regard for the practice of design. Act in a manner that respects and protects their colleagues, clients, the environment, nature and society
P2	Process	Ability to adopt appropriate methodology of practice. Continual learning and research into best design practice
P3	Communication	Ability to communicate with stakeholders through written and oral platforms in presenting design. An understanding of the interpersonal and psychological communications employed as well as the relationships involved. Appropriate use of communication techniques
P4	Contextual	Understanding and ability to use the appropriate regulations and requirements concerned and ensure standards (adoptive and statutory) are maintained in practice. Advanced knowledge of relevant IPRs and understanding of other IP issues. Ability to operate to best practice within their field of practice. Undertake work only if qualified to do so within a defined discipline

Skills

S1	Generic	Visual interpretation and communication of ideas and concepts in a manner that can be communicated with others. Use of colour and expression of form and how it is used to deliver concepts and managed for design outcomes. Conceptual and spatial awareness. Design thinking capability and creative skills
S2	Operating environment	Skills required within the operating environment of the designer. Ability to employ generic skills within operating environment and to the level required. Ability to audit and identify skills required within operating environment and address deficiencies whilst enhancing acquired skills. Financial, budgeting, management, organisational, leadership, information management and commercial skills
S3	Personal	Interpersonal and people skills. Complimentary and transferable skills
S4	Contextual	Skills required to practice competently within a defined design discipline. Ability to apply generic skills within the remit of a defined design discipline

Knowledge

K1	Explicit	Knowledge acquired from others which derives from research and experimentation and is generally accepted. Possesses theoretical knowledge. Possesses general knowledge
K2	Tacit	Knowledge gained from prior experiences at any stage of the design process
K3	Management	Ability to undertake research relevant to own professional practice whether academic and/or practice based. Ability to undertake research and acquire knowledge specifically related to delivering appropriate design solutions. Exploitation of knowledge for the benefit of all stakeholders, designer, client, commerce, society, etc.
K4	Contextual	Awareness, understanding and knowledge of the history of their profession and chosen discipline. Knowledge of the sector in which they operate including; processes, market conditions, legislation, technology, methodologies. Cultural awareness of operating environment and those involved

1.2 2. The Institution of Engineering Designers Learning Outcomes for RProdDes and CTPD Accredited Courses

Programmes accredited for RProdDes	Programmes accredited for CTPD
Bachelors degrees and bachelors (Honours)	Integrated masters (MDes) degrees
Design
Ability to evaluate design solutions against relevant constraints and criteria	Ability to evaluate complex design solutions against conflicting constraints
Ability to address human needs through the use of research, anthropometric data and ergonomic principles and provide design solutions according to customer and user requirements. Ability to generate a product design specification (PDS) by defining requirements as separate criteria including other factors such as technical aspects and legislative demands	Ability to address human needs through the use of research, anthropometric data and ergonomic principles and provide design solutions according to customer and user requirements. Ability to generate or challenge a product design specification (PDS) by defining requirements as separate criteria including other factors such as technical aspects and legislative demands
Ability to recognise product design cost drivers for both recurring and non-recurring costs and to appreciate the cost implications of differing production volumes	Ability to apply cost drivers for both recurring and non-recurring costs and to design for the cost implications of differing production volumes
Ability to generate a wide range of design ideas, concepts and proposals independently and in teams in response to set or self-generated design briefs	Ability to generate and evaluate a wide range of design idea, concepts and proposals
Ability to select, test and exploit materials and manufacturing processes in the synthesis of product design solutions	Ability to select, test and exploit materials and manufacturing processes in the synthesis of product design solutions
Ability to apply creative and logical thinking processes as well as design methodologies to the creation of design solutions	Ability to apply and reflect upon a wide range of creative and logical thinking processes as well as design methodologies in the creation of design solutions to complex problems
Ability to select and use the appropriate manual drawing/construction/CAD, communication and technological media in the realisation of design ideas	Ability to select and use the appropriate manual drawing/construction/CAD, communication and technological media in the realisation of design ideas
Ability to demonstrate visual literacy and drawing ability appropriate to the practice of product design	Demonstration of complex visual literacy and advanced communication tools appropriate to the practice of product design
Ability to develop concepts sufficiently to provide manufacturing instructions and specifications	Ability to develop and evaluate concepts sufficiently to provide manufacturing instructions and specifications
Ability to employ materials, media, techniques, methods, technologies and tools associated with product design through drawing, modelling and computer visualisation using skill and imagination	Ability to employ materials, media, techniques, methods, technologies and tools associated with product design through drawing, modelling and computer visualisation using skill and imagination
Ability to integrate Industrial Design aspects including form, texture and colour	Ability to synthesise a broad range of design aspects
Economic and social context
Understanding that positive ethical and professional conduct underpins design practice	Application of a positive ethical professional conduct underpinning design practice
Knowledge and understanding of risk issues, including health and safety, environmental and commercial risk and of risk assessment and risk management techniques	Knowledge and understanding of risk issues, including health and safety, environmental and commercial risk, risk assessment and risk management techniques and an ability to demonstrate their effective evaluation
Awareness of legal requirements governing design activities, including personnel, health and safety, product liability and safety	Awareness and appropriate application of legal requirements governing design activities, including personnel, health and safety, product liability and safety in familiar and unfamiliar situations
Knowledge and understanding of the management of the design process	Demonstrate application of design process management
An awareness of financial, economic, social legislative and environmental factors of relevance to product design	Demonstrate the application of financial, economic, social legislative and environmental factors to product designs
Awareness of the social and environmental impact and the application of sustainable design principles	Application of the social and environmental impact analysis and the application of sustainable design principles
Design practice
Ability to create new processes or products through synthesis of ideas from a wide range of sources using a broad knowledge of material and material selection principles	Ability to create new processes or products through synthesis of ideas from a wide range of sources using a broad knowledge of material and material selection principles
Ability to practise collaborative and independent work to realise a range of practical, creative and theoretical projects	Critical evaluation of historical and latest trends in design thinking and their appropriate application
Ability to meet deadlines, liaise with industrial collaborators, make presentations, research and collate information, produce reports and evaluate the design and research work of self	Ability to initiate projects, meet deadlines, liaise with industrial collaborators, make presentations, research and synthesise information, produce reports and evaluate the design and research work of self and others
Ability to analyse problems of a creative nature and to provide appropriate solutions	Ability to analyse complex problems of a creative nature and to provide appropriate solutions
Understanding and application of intellectual property rights (IPR) including patent search and principles of copyright and design registration	Understanding and application of intellectual property rights (IPR) including patent search and principles of copyright and design registration
Understanding of specific design codes of practice and industry standards, with some knowledge of design factors and requirements for safe operation	Application and development of specific design codes of practice and industry standards, with knowledge of design factors and requirements for safe operation
Awareness of management and quality assurance issues in product design	Application of management and quality assurance issues in product design
Working effectively as part of a group with respect for the dignity, rights and needs of others	Working effectively as part of a group with respect for the dignity, rights and needs of others and to develop an understanding of leadership. This potentially requires a group project as part of the Masters programme
To develop skills associated with professional practice; time management, project management, professional level communication, self-promotion, interview techniques, information gathering and use of information and communication technology as appropriate	To demonstrate skills associated with professional practice; time management, project management, professional level communication, self-promotion, interview techniques, information gathering and use of information and communication technology as appropriate
Ability to evaluate technical risks and address risk in design methodology	Ability to evaluate technical risks and address risk in design methodology
Ability to write a PDS, design reports and present design ideas in a rational and coherent manner	Develop and critique a PDS, design reports and present design ideas in a rational and coherent manner
Underpinning science and mathematics
Ability to consider and apply the appropriate mathematical and engineering principles to a particular product design problem	Ability to consider and apply the appropriate mathematical and engineering principles to a particular product design problem
Design analysis
Ability to research, select, evaluate, manipulate and manage information relevant to the analysis and synthesis of product design solutions	Ability to research, select, evaluate, manipulate and manage information relevant to the analysis and synthesis of product design solutions
Ability to apply analytical skills in relation to designed objects including the ability to undertake visual analysis and to analyse designed objects in relation to their context	Ability to apply analytical skills in relation to designed objects including the ability to undertake visual analysis and to analyse designed objects in relation to their context
Ability to apply a systematic approach to problem-solving using appropriate design tools and techniques	Ability to apply a systematic approach to problem-solving using appropriate design tools and techniques

1.3 3. Engineering Council Learning Outcomes for Accredited Courses

Programmes accredited for IEng	Programmes accredited for partial CEng	Programmes accredited for CEng	Programmes accredited for additional learning for CEng
Bachelors degrees and bachelors (Honours) (BSc or BEng)	Bachelors (Honours) degrees for partial CEng (BEng)	Integrated masters (MEng) degrees	Masters degrees other than the integrated masters (MSc)
Science and mathematics
Engineering is underpinned by science and mathematics, and other associated disciplines, as defined by the relevant professional engineering institution(s). Graduates will need	Engineering is underpinned by science and mathematics, and other associated disciplines, as defined by the relevant professional engineering institution(s). Graduates will need the following knowledge, understanding and abilities	Engineering is underpinned by science and mathematics, and other associated disciplines, as defined by the relevant professional engineering institution(s). Graduates will need the following knowledge, understanding and abilities	Engineering is underpinned by science and mathematics, and other associated disciplines, as defined by the relevant professional engineering institution(s). The main science and mathematical abilities will have been developed in an accredited engineering undergraduate programme. Masters graduates will therefore need additionally
• Knowledge and understanding of the scientific principles underpinning relevant current technologies, and their evolution	• Knowledge and understanding of scientific principles and methodology necessary to underpin their education in their engineering discipline, to enable appreciation of its scientific and engineering context, and to support their understanding of relevant historical, current and future developments and technologies	• A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of scientific principles and methodology necessary to underpin their education in their engineering discipline, and an understanding and know-how of the scientific principles of related disciplines, to enable appreciation of the scientific and engineering context, and to support their understanding of relevant historical, current and future developments and technologies	• A comprehensive understanding of the relevant scientific principles of the specialisation
• Knowledge and understanding of mathematics and an awareness of statistical methods necessary to support application of key engineering principles	• Knowledge and understanding of mathematical and statistical methods necessary to underpin their education in their engineering discipline and to enable them to apply mathematical and statistical methods, tools and notations proficiently in the analysis and solution of engineering problems	• Knowledge and understanding of mathematical and statistical methods necessary to underpin their education in their engineering discipline and to enable them to apply a range of mathematical and statistical methods, tools and notations proficiently and critically in the analysis and solution of engineering problems	• A critical awareness of current problems and/or new insights most of which is at, or informed by, the forefront of the specialisation
	• Ability to apply and integrate knowledge and understanding of other engineering disciplines to support study of their own engineering discipline	• Ability to apply and integrate knowledge and understanding of other engineering disciplines to support study of their own engineering discipline and the ability to evaluate them critically and to apply them effectively	• Understanding of concepts relevant to the discipline, some from outside engineering, and the ability to evaluate them critically and to apply them effectively, including in engineering projects
		• Awareness of developing technologies related to own specialisation
		• A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computational models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations
		• Understanding of concepts from a range of areas, including some outside engineering, and the ability to evaluate them critically and to apply them effectively in engineering projects
Engineering analysis
Engineering analysis involves the application of engineering concepts and tools to the solution of engineering problems. Graduates will need	Engineering analysis involves the application of engineering concepts and tools to the solution of engineering problems. Graduates will need	Engineering analysis involves the application of engineering concepts and tools to the solution of engineering problems. Graduates will need	Engineering analysis involves the application of engineering concepts and tools to the solution of engineering problems. The main engineering analysis abilities will have been developed in an accredited engineering undergraduate programme. Masters graduates will therefore need additionally
• Ability to monitor, interpret and apply the results of analysis and modelling in order to bring about continuous improvement	• Understanding of engineering principles and the ability to apply them to analyse key engineering processes	• Understanding of engineering principles and the ability to apply them to undertake critical analysis of key engineering processes	• Ability both to apply appropriate engineering analysis methods for solving complex problems in engineering and to assess their limitations
• Ability to apply quantitative methods in order to understand the performance of systems and components	• Ability to identify, classify and describe the performance of systems and components through the use of analytical methods and modelling techniques	• Ability to identify, classify and describe the performance of systems and components through the use of analytical methods and modelling techniques	• Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies
• Ability to use the results of engineering analysis to solve engineering problems and to recommend appropriate action	• Ability to apply quantitative and computational methods in order to solve engineering problems and to implement appropriate action	• Ability to apply quantitative and computational methods, using alternative approaches and understanding their limitations, in order to solve engineering problems and to implement appropriate action	• Ability to collect and analyse research data and to use appropriate engineering analysis tools in tackling unfamiliar problems, such as those with uncertain or incomplete data or specifications, by the appropriate innovation, use or adaptation of engineering analytical methods
• Ability to apply an integrated or systems approach to engineering problems through know-how of the relevant technologies and their application	• Understanding of, and the ability to apply, an integrated or systems approach to solving engineering problems	• Understanding of, and the ability to apply, an integrated or systems approach to solving complex engineering problems
		• Ability to use fundamental knowledge to investigate new and emerging technologies
		• Ability to extract and evaluate pertinent data and to apply engineering analysis techniques in the solution of unfamiliar problems
Design
Design at this level is the creation and development of an economically viable product, process or system to meet a defined need. It involves significant technical and intellectual challenges and can be used to integrate all engineering understanding, knowledge and skills to the solution of real and complex problems. Graduates will therefore need the knowledge, understanding and skills to	Design at this level is the creation and development of an economically viable product, process or system to meet a defined need. It involves significant technical and intellectual challenges and can be used to integrate all engineering understanding, knowledge and skills to the solution of real and complex problems. Graduates will therefore need the knowledge, understanding and skills to	Design at this level is the creation and development of an economically viable product, process or system to meet a defined need. It involves significant technical and intellectual challenges and can be used to integrate all engineering understanding, knowledge and skills to the solution of real and complex problems. Graduates will therefore need the knowledge, understanding and skills to	Design at this level is the creation and development of an economically viable product, process or system to meet a defined need. It involves significant technical and intellectual challenges and can be used to integrate all engineering understanding, knowledge and skills to the solution of real and complex problems. The main design abilities will have been developed in an accredited engineering undergraduate programme. Masters graduates will need additionally
• Be aware of business, customer and user needs, including considerations such as the wider engineering context, public perception and aesthetics	• Understand and evaluate business, customer and user needs, including considerations such as the wider engineering context, public perception and aesthetics	• Understand and evaluate business, customer and user needs, including considerations such as the wider engineering context, public perception and aesthetics	• Knowledge, understanding and skills to work with information that may be incomplete or uncertain, quantify the effect of this on the design and, where appropriate, use theory or experimental research to mitigate deficiencies
• Define the problem, identifying any constraints including environmental and sustainability limitations; ethical, health, safety, security and risk issues; intellectual property; codes of practice and standards	• Investigate and define the problem, identifying any constraints including environmental and sustainability limitations; ethical, health, safety, security and risk issues; intellectual property; codes of practice and standards	• Investigate and define the problem, identifying any constraints including environmental and sustainability limitations; ethical, health, safety, security and risk issues; intellectual property; codes of practice and standards	• Knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations
• Work with information that may be incomplete or uncertain and be aware that this may affect the design	• Work with information that may be incomplete or uncertain and quantify the effect of this on the design	• Work with information that may be incomplete or uncertain, quantify the effect of this on the design and, where appropriate, use theory or experimental research to mitigate deficiencies	• Ability to generate an innovative design for products, systems, components or processes to fulfil new needs
• Apply problem-solving skills, technical knowledge and understanding to create or adapt design solutions that are fit for purpose including operation, maintenance, reliability etc.	• Apply advanced problem-solving skills, technical knowledge and understanding, to establish rigorous and creative solutions that are fit for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal	• Apply advanced problem-solving skills, technical knowledge and understanding to establish rigorous and creative solutions that are fit for purpose for all aspects of the problem including production, operation, maintenance and disposal
• Manage the design process, including cost drivers, and evaluate outcomes	• Plan and manage the design process, including cost drivers, and evaluate outcomes	• Plan and manage the design process, including cost drivers, and evaluate outcomes
• Communicate their work to technical and non-technical audiences	• Communicate their work to technical and non-technical audiences	• Communicate their work to technical and non-technical audiences
		• Demonstrate wide knowledge and comprehensive understanding of design processes and methodologies and the ability to apply and adapt them in unfamiliar situations
		• Demonstrate the ability to generate an innovative design for products, systems, components or processes to fulfil new needs
Economic, legal, social, ethical and environmental context
Engineering activity can have impacts on the environment, on commerce, on society and on individuals. Graduates therefore need the skills to manage their activities and to be aware of the various legal and ethical constraints under which they are expected to operate, including	Engineering activity can have impacts on the environment, on commerce, on society and on individuals. Graduates therefore need the skills to manage their activities and to be aware of the various legal and ethical constraints under which they are expected to operate, including	Engineering activity can have impacts on the environment, on commerce, on society and on individuals. Graduates therefore need the skills to manage their activities and to be aware of the various legal and ethical constraints under which they are expected to operate, including	Engineering activity can have impacts on the environment, on commerce, on society and on individuals. Graduates therefore need the skills to manage their activities and to be aware of the various legal and ethical constraints under which they are expected to operate, including
• Understanding of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering and a knowledge of professional codes of conduct	• Understanding of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering and a knowledge of professional codes of conduct	• Understanding of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering, a knowledge of professional codes of conduct and how ethical dilemmas can arise	• Awareness of the need for a high level of professional and ethical conduct in engineering
• Knowledge and understanding of the commercial, economic and social context of engineering processes	• Knowledge and understanding of the commercial, economic and social context of engineering processes	• Knowledge and understanding of the commercial, economic and social context of engineering processes	• Awareness that engineers need to take account of the commercial and social contexts in which they operate
• Knowledge of management techniques that may be used to achieve engineering objectives	• Knowledge and understanding of management techniques, including project management, that may be used to achieve engineering objectives	• Knowledge and understanding of management techniques, including project and change management, that may be used to achieve engineering objectives, their limitations and how they may be applied appropriately	• Knowledge and understanding of management and business practices, their limitations, and how these may be applied in the context of the particular specialisation
• Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development	• Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development and ability to apply quantitative techniques where appropriate	• Understanding of the requirement for engineering activities to promote sustainable development and ability to apply quantitative techniques where appropriate	• Awareness that engineering activities should promote sustainable development and ability to apply quantitative techniques where appropriate
• Awareness of relevant legal requirements governing engineering activities, including personnel, health and safety, contracts, intellectual property rights, product safety and liability issues	• Awareness of relevant legal requirements governing engineering activities, including personnel, health and safety, contracts, intellectual property rights, product safety and liability issues	• Awareness of relevant legal requirements governing engineering activities, including personnel, health and safety, contracts, intellectual property rights, product safety and liability issues, and an awareness that these may differ internationally	• Awareness of relevant regulatory requirements governing engineering activities in the context of the particular specialisation
• Awareness of risk issues, including health and safety, environmental and commercial risk	• Knowledge and understanding of risk issues, including health and safety, environmental and commercial risk, and of risk assessment and risk management techniques	• Knowledge and understanding of risk issues, including health and safety, environmental and commercial risk, risk assessment and risk management techniques and an ability to evaluate commercial risk	• Awareness of and ability to make general evaluations of risk issues in the context of the particular specialisation, including health and safety, environmental and commercial risk
		• Understanding of the key drivers for business success, including innovation, calculated commercial risks and customer satisfaction
Engineering practice
This is the practical application of engineering skills, combining theory and experience, and use of other relevant knowledge and skills. This can include	This is the practical application of engineering skills, combining theory and experience, and use of other relevant knowledge and skills. This can include	This is the practical application of engineering skills, combining theory and experience, and use of other relevant knowledge and skills. This can include	The main engineering practice abilities will have been developed in an accredited engineering undergraduate programme. Masters graduates will need to demonstrate application of these abilities where appropriate and additional engineering skills which can include
• Knowledge of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, application and development of technology, etc.)	• Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, application and development of technology, etc.)	• Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowledge can be applied (e.g. operations and management, application and development of technology, etc.)	• Advanced level knowledge and understanding of a wide range of engineering materials and components
• Understanding of and ability to use relevant materials, equipment, tools, processes, or products	• Knowledge of characteristics of particular materials, equipment, processes, or products	• Knowledge of characteristics of particular equipment, processes, or products, with extensive knowledge and understanding of a wide range of engineering materials and components	• A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations, and some appreciation of likely new developments
• Knowledge and understanding of workshop and laboratory practice	• Ability to apply relevant practical and laboratory skills	• Ability to apply relevant practical and laboratory skills	• Ability to apply engineering techniques, taking account of a range of commercial and industrial constraints
• Ability to use and apply information from technical literature	• Understanding of the use of technical literature and other information sources	• Understanding of the use of technical literature and other information sources	• Understanding of different roles within an engineering team and the ability to exercise initiative and personal responsibility, which may be as a team member or leader
• Ability to use appropriate codes of practice and industry standards	• Knowledge of relevant legal and contractual issues	• Knowledge of relevant legal and contractual issues
• Awareness of quality issues and their application to continuous improvement	• Understanding of appropriate codes of practice and industry standards	• Understanding of appropriate codes of practice and industry standards
• Awareness of team roles and the ability to work as a member of an engineering team	• Awareness of quality issues and their application to continuous improvement	• Awareness of quality issues and their application to continuous improvement
	• Ability to work with technical uncertainty	• Ability to work with technical uncertainty
	• Understanding of, and the ability to work in, different roles within an engineering team	• A thorough understanding of current practice and its limitations, and some appreciation of likely new developments
		• Ability to apply engineering techniques taking account of a range of commercial and industrial constraints
		• Understanding of different roles within an engineering team and the ability to exercise initiative and personal responsibility, which may be as a team member or leader
Additional general skills
Graduates must have developed transferable skills, additional to those set out in the other learning outcomes, that will be of value in a wide range of situations, including the ability to	Graduates must have developed transferable skills, additional to those set out in the other learning outcomes, that will be of value in a wide range of situations, including the ability to	Graduates must have developed transferable skills, additional to those set out in the other learning outcomes, that will be of value in a wide range of situations, including the ability to	Graduates must have developed transferable skills, additional to those set out in the other learning outcomes, that will be of value in a wide range of situations, including the ability to
• Apply their skills in problem-solving, communication, working with others, information retrieval, and the effective use of general IT facilities	• Apply their skills in problem-solving, communication, working with others, information retrieval, and the effective use of general IT facilities	• Apply their skills in problem-solving, communication, working with others, information retrieval and the effective use of general IT facilities	• Apply their skills in problem-solving, communication, information retrieval, working with others, and the effective use of general IT facilities
• Plan self-learning and improve performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD	• Plan self-learning and improve performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD	• Plan self-learning and improve performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD	• Plan self-learning and improve performance, as the foundation for lifelong learning/CPD
• Plan and carry out a personal programme of work	• Plan and carry out a personal programme of work, adjusting where appropriate	• Monitor and adjust a personal programme of work on an ongoing basis	• Monitor and adjust a personal programme of work on an ongoing basis
• Exercise personal responsibility, which may be as a team member	• Exercise initiative and personal responsibility, which may be as a team member or leader	• Exercise initiative and personal responsibility, which may be as a team member or leader	• Exercise initiative and personal responsibility, which may be as a team member or leader