Skip to main content

AMIGO—A Socially Assistive Robot for Coaching Multimodal Training of Persons with Dementia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Social Robots: Technological, Societal and Ethical Aspects of Human-Robot Interaction

Abstract

In the context of assistive robotics in health care, we introduce the AMIGO system with its innovative “Coach” framework that uses social robots for the entertaining motivation of persons with dementia. The overarching objective is to empower persons with dementia to perform daily stimulating training activities within the concept of an integrated multimodal intervention. The “Coach” frame is complemented by a “Companion” frame that involves the client in a long-term relationship with the robot which will care by asking about the client’s health status, remind about important events or tasks, involve the client in dialog, invite the client to engage in multimodal training, and provide entertainment such as reading the news from all over the world. A research objective is to adjust Pepper’s dialog and motivation style based on emotional feedback sensed in interaction. The system will motivate the client to perform personalized exercises and to maintain and extend social bonds and will stimulate cognitive processes and physical activities. Sensors for eye tracking and motion analysis technologies will offer affordances for entertaining, sensorimotor sequences and for data capture and analysis of cognition and locomotion-specific behavioral parameters. Easily usable interfaces enable planning and autonomous daily practice to formal as well as to the informal caregiver in a weekly rhythm so that people with dementia can stay at home longer and the progress of dementia is slowed down. The AMIGO system is motivated from the viewpoint of health care, neuropsychology, and ICT systems. The first implementation of the prototype system and first results of a mixed-method study are presented in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    www.aktivdaheim.at.

References

  • Adbi, J., Al-Hindawi, A., Ng, T., & Vizcaychipi, M. P. (2018). Scoping review on the use of socially assistive robot technology in elderly care. BMJ Open, 12;8(2), e018815. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ADI. (2013). World Alzheimer report 2013: Journey of caring: An analysis of long-term care for dementia. London, UK: ADI.

    Google Scholar 

  • ADI (World Alzheimer Report). (2018). The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers. London, UK: Alzheimer’s Disease International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberts, J. W., Vastenburg, M. H., & Desmet, P. M. A. (2013). Mood expression by seniors in digital communication; evaluative comparison of four mood-reporting instruments with elderly users. In Proceedings of 5th International Congress of International Association of Societies of Design Research, Tokyo, Japan, 26–30 Aug 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alzheimer’s Association. (2018). Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s Dement, 14(3), 367–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltrusaitis, T., Robinson, P., Morency, L. (2016). OpenFace: An open source facial behavior analysis tool. In Proceedings of Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedaf, S., Gelderblom, G. J., Syrdal, D. S., Lehmann, H., Michel, H., Hewson, D., … de Witte L. (2013). Which activities threaten independent living of elderly when becoming problematic: Inspiration for meaningful service robot functionality. Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology, 9(6), 445–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedarf, S., Draper, H., Gelderblom, G. J., Sorell, T., & De Witte, L. (2016). Can a service robot which supports independent living of older people disobey a command? The views of older people, informal carers and professional caregivers on the acceptability of robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(3), 409–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bedarf, S., Gelderblom, G. J., & De Witte, L. (2015). Overview and categorization of robots supporting independent living of elderly people: What activities do they support and how far have they developed. Assistive Technology, 27(2), 88–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekey, G., Ambrose, R., Kumar, V., Sanderson, A., Wilcox, B., & Zheng, Y. (2006). International assessment of research and development in robotics. Baltimore, Maryland: World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bioethics Commission. (2018). Roboter in der Betreuung alter Menschen - Stellungnahme der Bioethikkommission [Robots in the care of older people—statement of the Bioethics Commission]. Wien: Geschäftsstelle der Bioethikkommission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boman, I. L., Lundberg, S., Starkhammar, S., & Nygård, L. (2014). Exploring the usability of a videophone mock-up for persons with dementia and their significant others. BMC Geriatrics, 14, 49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braunseis, F., Deutsch, T., Frese, T., & Sandholzer, H. (2012). The risk for nursing home admission did not change in ten years-a prospective cohort study with five-year follow-up. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 54, e63–e67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buhtz, C., Paulicke, D., Hirt, J., Schwarz, K., Stoevesandt, D., Meyer, G., & Jahn, P. (2018). Robotic systems for care at home: A scoping review (article in German). Z. Evid. Fortbild. Qual. Gesundh. wesen. ISSN 1865-9217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao, Z., Simon, T., Wei, S.-E., Sheikh, Y. (2017). Realtime Multi-person 2D pose estimation using part affinity fields. In: Proceedings of CVPR 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christofoletti, G., Oliani, M. M., Gobbi, S., Stella, F., Bucken Gobbi, L. T., & Renato Canineu, P. (2008). A controlled clinical trial on the effects of motor intervention on balance and cognition in institutionalized elderly patients with dementia. Clinical Rehabilitation, 22(7), 618–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkstra, A. (2017). Care dependency. In S. Schüssler & C. Lohrmann (Eds.), Dementia in nursing homes. Basel, Switzerland: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feil-Seifer, D., & Matari, M. J. (2005). Defining socially assistive robotic. In Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, ICORR, June 28–July 1, Chicago, USA (pp. 465–468). https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2005.1501143.

  • Finn, M., & McDonald, S. (2011). Computerised cognitive training for older persons with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study using a randomised controlled trial design. Brain Impairment, 12(3), 187–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finnema, E., Dröes, R.-M., Ettema, T. P., & van Tilburg, W. (2005). The effect of integrated emotion-oriented care versus usual care on elderly persons with dementia in the nursing home and on nursing assistants: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(4), 330–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forstmeier, S., & Maercker, A. (2015). Motivational processes in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: Results from the Motivational Reserve in Alzheimer’s (MoReA) study. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg, L., & Tarrier, N. (2007). Virtual reality in mental health. A review of the literature. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(5), 343–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ienca, M., Jotterand, F., Elger, B., Caon, M., Scoccia Pappagallo, A., Kressig, R.W., & Wangmo, T. (2017). Intelligent assistive technology for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias: A systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 56(4), 1301–1340. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-161037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IFR. (2018). Executive summary world robotics 2018 service robots. IFR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korczyn, A. D., Peretz, C., Aharonson, V., et al. (2007). Computer based cognitive training with CogniFit improved cognitive performance above the effect of classic computer games: prospective, randomized, double blind intervention study in the elderly. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 3(3), S171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kothgassner, O.D., Felnhofer, A., Hauk, N., Kasthofer, E., Gomm, J. & Kryspin-Exner, I. (2012). TUI: Technology Usage Inventory. Fragebogen und Manual. Wien: FFG

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauriks, S., Reinersmann, A., Van der Roest, H. G., Meiland, F. J., Davies, R. J., Moelaert, F., … Dröes, R. M. (2007). Review of ICT-based services for identified unmet needs in people with dementia. Ageing Res Review, 6, 223–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maercker, A., & Forstmeier, S. (2011). Healthy brain aging: The new concept of motivational reserve. Psychiatrist, 2011(35), 175–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, J. A., McDonald, B. A., Kuo, I. H., Li, X., & Broadbent, E. (2015). People respond better to robots than computer tablets delivering healthcare instructions. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 112–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mao, H. F., Chang, L. H., Yao, G., Chen, W. Y., & Huang, W. N. (2015). Indicators of perceived useful dementia care assistive technology: Caregivers’ perspectives. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 15(8), 1049–1057.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCallum, S., Boletsis, C. (2013). Dementia games: A literature review of dementia-related serious games. In Serious games development and applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 8101, pp. 15–27). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDuff, D., El Kaliouby, R., Cohn, J. F., & Picard, R. W. (2015). Predicting ad liking and purchase intent: Large-scale analysis of facial responses to ads. Affective Computing, IEEE Transactions, 6(3), 223–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montero-Odasso, M., Bherer, L., Studenski, S., Gopaul, K., Oteng-Amoako, A., Woolmore-Goodwin, S., et al. (2015). Mobility and cognition in seniors. Report from the 2008 institute of aging (CIHR) mobility and cognition workshop. Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 18(3), 159–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mordoch, E., Osterreicher, A., Guse, L., Roger, K., & Thompson, G. (2013). Use of social commitment robots in the care of elderly people with dementia: a literature review. Maturitas, 74,(1), 14–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordheim, J., Hamm, S., Kuhlmey, A., & Suhr, R. (2015). Tablet-PC und ihr Nutzen für demenzerkrankte Heimbewohner: Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Pilotstudie [Tablet computers and their benefits for nursing home residents with dementia: Results of a qualitative pilot study]. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 48, 543–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2015). Addressing Dementia—the OECD response. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Paletta, L., Lerch, A., Kemp, C., Pittino, L., Steiner, J., Panagl, M., et al. (2018a). Playful Multimodal training for persons with dementia with executive function based diagnostic tool. In Proceedings of Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA), Corfu, Greece, 26–29 June 2018. ACM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paletta, L., Pszeida, M., Panagl, M. (2018b). Towards playful monitoring of executive functions: Deficits in inhibition control as indicator for cognitive impairment in first stages of Alzheimer. In: Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2018), Orlando, FL, 21–25 July 2018. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pessoa, L. (2009). How do emotion and motivation direct executive control? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 160–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pino, M., Boulay, M., Jouen, F., & Rigaud, A. S. (2015). Are we ready for robots that care for us?” Attitudes and opinions of older adults toward socially assistive robots. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 23(7), 141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pripfl, J., Körtner, T., Batko-Klein, D., Hebesberger, D., Weninger, M., & Gisinger, C. (2016). Social service robots to support independent living: Experiences from a field trial. Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 49(4), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-016-1067-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robert Koch Institut. (2015). Gesundheit in Deutschland [Health in Germany], Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes - Gemeinsam getragen von RKI und Destatis. Berlin, Germany: RKI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robert, P. H., Mulin, E., Malle, P., & David, R. (2010). Apathy diagnosis, assessment, and treatment in Alzheimer’s disease. In CNS neuroscience & therapeutics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rösler, U., Schmidt, K., Merda, M., & Melzer, M. (2018). Digitalisierung in der Pflege (Digitalization in nursing). Geschäftsstelle der Initiative Neue Qualität der Arbeit. Berlin, Germany: Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosseter, R. (2017). Fact sheet: Nursing shortage. Washington, DC, USA: AACN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüssler S. (2015). Care dependency and nursing care problems in nursing home residents with and without dementia (Doctoral thesis, Medical University of Graz, Austria).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shatil, E., Metzer, A., Horvitz, O., & Miller, A. (2010). Home-based personalized cognitive training in MS patients: A study of adherence and cognitive performance. Neuro Rehabilitation, 26(2), 143–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shipstead, Z., Hicks, K., & Engle, R. W. (2012). Cogmed working memory training: Does the evidence support the claims? Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 1(3), 185–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smarr, C-A., Prakash, A., Beer, M., Mitzner, T. L., Kemp, C. C., & Rogers, W. A. (2012). Older adults’ preferences for and acceptance of robot assistance for everyday living tasks. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Annual Meeting (Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 153–157). https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181312561009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Softbank Robotics. (2015). Pepper—The world’s first personal robot that reads emotions. Softbank Rob. http://bit.ly/2oUMtvj.

  • Span, M., Hettinga, M., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Eefsting, J., & Smits, C. (2013). Involving people with dementia in the development of supportive IT applications: A systematic review. Ageing Research Review, 12(2), 535–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spero, I. (Ed.) (2017). Neighbourhoods of the future—better homes for older adults—improving health, care, design and technology. In Agile ageing alliance. UK: McCarthy & Stone, CSL/RockCouture Productions Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starkstein, S. E., Jorge, R., Mizrahi, R. (2006). The prevalence, clinical correlates and treatment of apathy in Alzheimer’s disease. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 20(2), 96–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugihara, T., Fujinami, T., Phaal, R., & Ikawa, Y. (2013). A technology roadmap of assistive technologies for dementia care in Japan. Dementia (London), 14(1), 80–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toure-Tillery, M., & Fishbach, A. (2014). How to measure motivation: A guide for the experimental social psychologist. Social and Personality Psychology Compass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallenfels, M. (2016). Die Zukunft der Pflege durch Roboter. ProCare, 8, 42–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, R. H., Sudhama, A., Begum, M., Huq, R., & Mihailidis, A. (2016). Robots to assist daily activities: views of older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers. International Psychogeriatrics, 29(1), 67–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2007). Fact sheet, Investing in the health workforce enables stronger health systems. WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. S., Schneider, J. A., Arnold, S. E., Bienias, J. L., & Bennett, D. A. (2007). Conscientiousness and the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2007(64), 1204–1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y. H., Wrobel, J., Cornuet, M., Kerhervé, H., Damnée, S., & Rigaud, A. S. (2014). Acceptance of an assistive robot in older adults: A mixed-method study of human-robot interaction over a 1-month period in the Living Lab setting. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 8(9), 801–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research leading to these results has received funding from the Austrian BMVIT/FFG (No. 862051) by project AMIGO and project PLAYTIME of the AAL Programme of the European Union, by the Austrian BMVIT/FFG (No. 857334).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lucas Paletta .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Paletta, L. et al. (2019). AMIGO—A Socially Assistive Robot for Coaching Multimodal Training of Persons with Dementia. In: Korn, O. (eds) Social Robots: Technological, Societal and Ethical Aspects of Human-Robot Interaction. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17107-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17107-0_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17106-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17107-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics