Skip to main content

Tunisia’s Economic Health

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 374 Accesses

Part of the book series: Political Economy of Islam ((PEoI))

Abstract

This chapter examines the “economic” side of the political-economy equation. Tunisia’s post-revolution economy is facing some difficulties. The economy is not growing and developing as fast as people want and expect it to since the 2011 Jasmine Revolution. The economic hardships are straining people, especially the lower economic classes which mainly reside in the interior region. The outlying coastal areas are more upscale and cater most to the tourism industry. Endless grand resorts line the coast stretching across 1148 km. The south consists of mostly desert terrain and climate, and thus is less populated compared to the north, which enjoys a more temperate and accommodating climate. This is the backdrop to the analysis of Tunisia’s economic health. While Chap. 4 examined the political side of the political-economy interdependence equation, this chapter focuses on the economy side. Tunisia has desperately needed foreign direct investments (FDIs) and economic strengthening since the revolution. Bureaucratic obstacles tend to slow down economic progress, and terrorist attacks have strategically targeted the tourism industry. However, the Tunisian people have not given up. They continue to work hard to resuscitate the economy, despite the daunting challenges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    “Tunisia: Percent Agricultural Land,” The Global Economy (Source: The World Bank), 2018: https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Tunisia/Percent_agricultural_land/

  2. 2.

    “Country Profile Tunisia,” International Trade Centre (ITC), UNCTAD/WTO, 1994–2015: http://www.intracen.org/exporters/organic-products/country-focus/Country-Profile-Tunisia/

  3. 3.

    “Countries and Regions: Tunisia,” European Commission, May 24, 2018: http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/tunisia/

  4. 4.

    Ibid.

  5. 5.

    Ibid.

  6. 6.

    “Tunisia Trade, Exports and Imports,” Economy Watch: http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/tunisia/export-import.html

  7. 7.

    Ibid.

  8. 8.

    Ibid.

  9. 9.

    Ibid.

  10. 10.

    “Tunisia,” The Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC), 2018: https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/tun/

  11. 11.

    “Tunisia GDP,” Trading Economics, 2018: https://tradingeconomics.com/tunisia/gdp

  12. 12.

    “Tunisia,” Focus Economics, Economic Forecasts from the World’s Leading Economists, November 27, 2018: https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/tunisia

  13. 13.

    “Tunisia – Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP),” Trading Economics, 2018: https://tradingeconomics.com/tunisia/research-and-development-expenditure-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.html

  14. 14.

    “R&D Spending by Country,” UNESCO, 2018: http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/

  15. 15.

    “Norway,” OECD Data, 2018: https://data.oecd.org/norway.htm

  16. 16.

    “Research and Development Expenditure,” Office of National Statistics, UK, 2018: https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure

  17. 17.

    “R&D Spending by Country,” UNESCO.

  18. 18.

    “Tunisia: Fourth Review Under the Extended Fund Facility Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia,” IMF Staff County Reports, International Monetary Fund (IMF), October 8, 2018: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2018/10/08/Tunisia-Fourth-Review-Under-the-Extended-Fund-Facility-Arrangement-and-Request-for-46285

  19. 19.

    Ibid.

  20. 20.

    “Rising Food and Energy Prices in Europe and Central Asia,” The World Bank, 2011: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/04/14/000333037_20110414015110/Rendered/PDF/610970WP0P1262171World1Bank1Combine.pdf, “Summary,” p. 1.

  21. 21.

    Thanassis Cambanis, “The Arab Spring was the Revolution of the Hungry,” The Boston Globe, August 23, 2015: https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2015/08/22/the-arab-spring-was-revolution-hungry/K15S1kGeO5Y6gsJwAYHejI/story.html

  22. 22.

    Ibid.

  23. 23.

    Ibid.

  24. 24.

    Ibid.

  25. 25.

    Ibid.

  26. 26.

    “Freedom in the World 2002, 2007, and 2010: Tunisia,” Freedom House: http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2002/tunisia

  27. 27.

    Interview with Radwan Masmoudi, March 2012, Tunis, Tunisia.

  28. 28.

    “Tunisia Country Fact Sheet,” International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), 2011 Governing Council: http://www.ifad.org/events/gc/34/nen/factsheet/tunisia.pdf

  29. 29.

    Ibid.

  30. 30.

    “Profile: Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali,” BBC News, June 20, 2011: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12196679

  31. 31.

    Safwan M. Masri, Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017), p. 34.

  32. 32.

    Ibid.

  33. 33.

    “The World Bank in Tunisia,” The World Bank, April 18, 2018: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia/overview

  34. 34.

    Ibid.

  35. 35.

    Ibid.

  36. 36.

    Ibid.

  37. 37.

    Interview with Radwan Masmoudi.

  38. 38.

    “Tunisia Country Fact Sheet,” IFAD.

  39. 39.

    “Poverty in Central Tunisia a Ticking Time Bomb,” Gulf News, March 4, 2016: https://gulfnews.com/news/mena/tunisia/poverty-in-central-tunisia-a-ticking-time-bomb-1.1683702

  40. 40.

    Ibid.

  41. 41.

    Ibid.

  42. 42.

    Ibid.

  43. 43.

    Ibid.

  44. 44.

    Ibid.

  45. 45.

    Ibid.

  46. 46.

    Masri, p. 35.

  47. 47.

    Ibid.

  48. 48.

    Tristan Dreisbach, and Robert Joyce, “Revealing Tunisia’s Corruption under Ben Ali,” Al Jazeera, March 27, 2014: https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/03/revealing-tunisia-corruption-under-ben-ali-201432785825560542.html

  49. 49.

    Ibid.

  50. 50.

    Ibid.

  51. 51.

    Sarah Chayes, “How a Leftist Labor Union Helped Force Tunisia’s Political Settlement,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, March 27, 2014: https://carnegieendowment.org/2014/03/27/how-leftist-labor-union-helped-force-tunisia-s-political-settlement-pub-55143

  52. 52.

    Ibid.

  53. 53.

    “Tunisia’s Fight against Corruption: An Interview with Chawki Tabib,” Sada Journal, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 11, 2017: http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/69939

  54. 54.

    Marc Rivett-Carnac, “France Strengthens Support for Tunisia in the Face of Islamist Threats,” Time, March 17, 2016: http://time.com/4262329/tunisia-france-aid-security-ben-guerdane-isis-islamist/

  55. 55.

    “The World Bank in Tunisia,” https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia/overview

  56. 56.

    Ibid.

  57. 57.

    Patrick Markey, and Aziz El Yaakoubi, “Tunisian Premier Resigns for Caretaker Government,” Reuters, January 9, 2014: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tunisias-pm-idUSBREA080MY20140109

  58. 58.

    Ibid.

  59. 59.

    Owen Barnell, “Seven Years after Arab Spring Revolt, Tunisia’s Future Remains Uncertain,” France24, December 18, 2017: https://www.france24.com/en/20171217-tunisia-seven-years-after-arab-spring-revolution-protests-economic-uncertainty

  60. 60.

    Ibid.

  61. 61.

    Ibid.

  62. 62.

    Ibid.

  63. 63.

    “Tunisia – Agricultural Sector,” Country Commercial Guide, U.S. Export.Gov, June 22, 2017: https://www.export.gov/article?id=Tunisia-Agricultural-Sector

  64. 64.

    Ibid.

  65. 65.

    Belen Fernandez, “Couscous, Capitalism and Neocolonialism in Tunisia,” Middle East Eye, June 28, 2017: https://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/couscous-capitalism-and-neocolonialism-tunisia-1659688403

  66. 66.

    Ibid.

  67. 67.

    Ibid.

  68. 68.

    Ibid.

  69. 69.

    Ibid.

  70. 70.

    Ibid.

  71. 71.

    “Tunisia,” Energy Information Administration (EIA), October 2014: https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.php?iso=TUN

  72. 72.

    Ibid.

  73. 73.

    Ibid.

  74. 74.

    Ibid.

  75. 75.

    Ibid.

  76. 76.

    Ibid.

  77. 77.

    Ibid.

  78. 78.

    Sarah Yerkes, and Zeineb Ben Yahmed, “Tunisians’ Revolutionary Goals Remain Unfulfilled,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 6, 2018: https://carnegieendowment.org/publications/77894

  79. 79.

    Ibid.

  80. 80.

    Ibid.

  81. 81.

    Ibid.

  82. 82.

    Martin Chulov, “How Saudi Elite Became Five-Star Prisoners at the Riyadh Ritz Carlton,” The Guardian, November 6, 2017: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/06/how-saudi-elite-became-five-star-prisoners-at-the-riyadh-ritz-carlton

  83. 83.

    Joseph Bahout, and Perry Cammack, “Arab Political Economy: Pathways for Equitable Growth,” Arab Horizons, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2018: https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/09/arab-political-economy-pathways-for-equitable-growth-pub-77416

  84. 84.

    Ibid.

  85. 85.

    Ibid.

  86. 86.

    Ibid.

  87. 87.

    “Corruption Perceptions Index 2017,” Surveys, Transparency International, February 21, 2018: https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017

  88. 88.

    Bahout and Cammack, “Arab Political Economy: Pathways to Equitable Growth.”

  89. 89.

    Ibid.

  90. 90.

    Ibid.

  91. 91.

    Ibid.

  92. 92.

    “Defense Spending by Country,” Global Fire Power (GFP), 2018: https://www.globalfirepower.com/defense-spending-budget.asp

  93. 93.

    Bahout and Cammack, “Arab Political Economy: Pathways to Equitable Growth.”

  94. 94.

    Ibid.

  95. 95.

    Ibid.

  96. 96.

    Ibid.

  97. 97.

    Ibid.

  98. 98.

    Ibid.

  99. 99.

    “Tunisia,” Focus Economics.

  100. 100.

    Ibid.

  101. 101.

    Ibid.

  102. 102.

    Masri, p. 295.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hayat Alvi .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Alvi, H. (2019). Tunisia’s Economic Health. In: The Political Economy and Islam of the Middle East. Political Economy of Islam. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17050-9_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics