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Neurorheumatology pp 159–168Cite as

Surface Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalitis

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Abstract

Autoimmune etiologies are increasingly recognized as a common cause of encephalitis. Many autoimmune encephalitides have been associated with neural autoantibodies, which serve as important biomarkers for these disorders. As the field of autoimmune neurology develops, new autoantibodies, characterized as either intracellular or cell surface, depending on the localization of their antigens, continue to be discovered. As opposed to the classical paraneoplastic syndromes linked with intracellular autoantibodies, neuronal surface antibody syndromes often have a good response to immunotherapy. Despite the growing recognition of autoimmune encephalitides and the increasing availability of commercial autoantibody testing, diagnoses remain challenging, given the variability of neurological presentations and complexity of diagnostic testing and subsequent interpretation. This can have significant clinical implications, as early and adequate immunotherapy ensures the best outcome.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    Amanda L. Piquet

  2. Autoimmune Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jenny J. Linnoila

Authors
  1. Amanda L. Piquet
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  2. Jenny J. Linnoila
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jenny J. Linnoila .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neuroimmunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Tracey A. Cho

  2. Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Shamik Bhattacharyya

  3. Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Simon Helfgott

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Piquet, A.L., Linnoila, J.J. (2019). Surface Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalitis. In: Cho, T., Bhattacharyya, S., Helfgott, S. (eds) Neurorheumatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16928-2_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16928-2_16

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16928-2

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