Pericytes in Ischemic Stroke

Dalkara, Turgay; Alarcon-Martinez, Luis; Yemisci, Muge

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_9

Turgay Dalkara^7,8,9,
Luis Alarcon-Martinez¹⁰ &
Muge Yemisci^7,8

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1147))

2522 Accesses
18 Citations

Abstract

Recent stroke research has shifted the focus to the microvasculature from neuron-centric views. It is increasingly recognized that a successful neuroprotection is not feasible without microvascular protection. On the other hand, recent studies on pericytes, long-neglected cells on microvessels have provided insight into the regulation of microcirculation. Pericytes play an essential role in matching the metabolic demand of nervous tissue with the blood flow in addition to regulating the development and maintenance of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), leukocyte trafficking across the BBB and angiogenesis. Pericytes appears to be highly vulnerable to injury. Ischemic injury to pericytes on cerebral microvasculature unfavorably impacts the stroke-induced tissue damage and brain edema by disrupting microvascular blood flow and BBB integrity. Strongly supporting this, clinical imaging studies show that tissue reperfusion is not always obtained after recanalization. Therefore, prevention of pericyte dysfunction may improve the outcome of recanalization therapies by promoting microcirculatory reperfusion and preventing hemorrhage and edema. In the peri-infarct tissue, pericytes are detached from microvessels and promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and hence positively effect stroke outcome. Expectedly, we will learn more about the place of pericytes in CNS pathologies including stroke and devise approaches to treat them in the next decades.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Turgay Dalkara’s research is supported by The Turkish Academy of Sciences. Dr. Luis Alarcon-Martinez prepared Figs. 9.1a and 9.6.

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Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Turgay Dalkara & Muge Yemisci
Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Turgay Dalkara & Muge Yemisci
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
Turgay Dalkara
Department of Neuroscience and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
Luis Alarcon-Martinez

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Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Alexander Birbrair

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Dalkara, T., Alarcon-Martinez, L., Yemisci, M. (2019). Pericytes in Ischemic Stroke. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Pericyte Biology in Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1147. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_9

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_9
Published: 31 May 2019
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16907-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16908-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

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