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Pericytes in Multiple Sclerosis

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Pericyte Biology in Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1147))

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), particularly, in young adults. Current MS treatments aim to reduce demyelination; however, these have limited efficacy, display side effects and lack of regenerative activities. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) represents the major source for new myelin. Upon demyelination, OPCs get activated, proliferate, migrate towards the lesion, and differentiate into remyelinating oligodendrocytes. Although myelin repair (remyelination) represents a robust response to myelin damage, during MS, this regenerative phenomenon decays in efficiency or even fails. CNS-resident pericytes (CNS-PCs) are essential for vascular homeostasis regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and stability as well as endothelial cells (ECs) function during angiogenesis and neovascularization. Recent studies indicate that CNS-PCs also play a crucial role regulating OPC function during remyelination, and very importantly, these cells are substantially affected in MS. This chapter summarizes important aspects of MS and CNS remyelination as well as it provides new insights supporting the contribution of CNS-PCs to myelin regeneration and to MS pathology. Currently, there is evidence arguing in favor of CNS-PCs as novel therapeutic targets for the development of future treatments for MS.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CC:

Corpus callosum

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNS-PCs:

Central nervous system-resident pericytes

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ECs:

Endothelial cells

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

LPC:

Lysophosphatidylcholine

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

MS-PP:

Multiple sclerosis primary progressive

MS-RR:

Multiple sclerosis relapsing-remitting

MS-SP:

Multiple sclerosis secondary progressive

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

NVU:

Neurovascular unit

OB:

Olfactory bulb

OPCs:

Oligodendroglial precursor/progenitor cells

PDGFRalpha:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha

PDGFRbeta:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta

PLCs:

Pericyte like cells

RMS:

Rostral migratory stream

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by research funds from Chilean Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) FONDECYT Program Regular Grant Nº 1161787; Chilean CONICYT PCI Program Grant Nº REDES170233 and Grant Nº REDES180139; Chilean CONICYT FONDEF-IDeA Program Grant Nº ID17AM0043; Chilean CONICYT Doctoral Scholarship 21171884.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Francisco J. Rivera, Bryan Hinrichsen & Maria Elena Silva

  2. Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Francisco J. Rivera, Bryan Hinrichsen & Maria Elena Silva

  3. Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Francisco J. Rivera

  4. Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Francisco J. Rivera

  5. Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Maria Elena Silva

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  1. Francisco J. Rivera
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  2. Bryan Hinrichsen
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  3. Maria Elena Silva
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Correspondence to Francisco J. Rivera .

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  1. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Alexander Birbrair

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Rivera, F.J., Hinrichsen, B., Silva, M.E. (2019). Pericytes in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Pericyte Biology in Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1147. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_8

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