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Acquired Brain Injury pp 41–69Cite as

Physiatry and Acquired Brain Injury

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Abstract

The role of the physiatrist is to restore a patient’s overall quality of life and maximize a patient’s functional capabilities. For patients with acquired brain injury, it is the physiatrist’s role to identify a patient’s physical and cognitive deficits and functional impact of these deficits. Physiatry utilizes therapeutic exercises and physical agents in addition to medications to treat patients. The multifaceted nature of the clinical consequences of acquired brain injuries makes the interdisciplinary team approach the most appropriate strategy for treatment.

Much of what is known to this date about the prognosis of individuals with brain injury is related to factors including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), length of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), length of coma, and age. Common medical complications include spasticity, deep venous thrombosis, heterotopic ossification, seizures, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, aspiration pneumonia, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. As patients progress in their recovery, there are several assessment tools that can be used to help monitor their level of arousal, orientation, and function.

Neuroplasticity is an important concept involved in the recovery of acquired brain injury. Constraint-induced movement therapy, virtual reality, brain computer interface, and stem cell therapy are interventions that are continued to be studied but show some evidence and potential to improve neuroplasticity in acquired brain injury.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Sarah Khan & Komal Patel

  2. Department of Neuropsychology, Glen Cove Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Gonzalo Vazquez-Cascals

Authors
  1. Sarah Khan
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  2. Komal Patel
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  3. Gonzalo Vazquez-Cascals
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Correspondence to Sarah Khan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Transitions of Long Island, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Jean Elbaum

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Khan, S., Patel, K., Vazquez-Cascals, G. (2019). Physiatry and Acquired Brain Injury. In: Elbaum, J. (eds) Acquired Brain Injury. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16613-7_4

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