Microbiota: Novel Gateway Towards Personalised Medicine

Zucko, Jurica; Starcevic, Antonio; Diminic, Janko; Oros, Damir

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16465-2_9

Microbiota: Novel Gateway Towards Personalised Medicine

Jurica Zucko⁹,
Antonio Starcevic⁹,
Janko Diminic⁹ &
…
Damir Oros⁹

Chapter
First Online: 03 August 2019

663 Accesses

Part of the book series: Europeanization and Globalization ((EAG,volume 5))

Abstract

Microbes living in and on us have been recognized in the last decade as important part of ourselves and have been assigned a status of an organ with a wide range of functions—from metabolizing food to training our immune system. The intraindividual and interindividual variation of normal microbiota is vast and its composition is influenced by various external factors—most notable being diet, antibiotics and medication. External factors can cause a disturbance in microbiota frequently termed as dysbiosis which is often associated with a range of diseases—from inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes to obesity and cancer. Pioneering works in manipulating the microbiota for preventing and treating disease shows huge promise but also open a number of questions—from standardization and safety to personalization and reproducibility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 149.00; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Softcover Book: USD 199.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Hardcover Book: USD 199.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

1.
Sender et al. (2016).
2.
Qin et al. (2010).
3.
Grice and Segre (2012).
4.
Turnbaugh et al. (2007).
5.
Arumugam et al. (2011).
6.
Knights et al. (2014).
7.
Bien et al. (2013), and Knights et al. (2013).
8.
DeGruttola et al. (2016).
9.
Aagaard et al. (2014).
10.
Dominguez-Bello et al. (2010).
11.
Lozupone et al. (2012).
12.
Koenig et al. (2011).
13.
De Filippo et al. (2010).
14.
Eckburg et al. (2005).
15.
Falony et al. (2016).
16.
David et al. (2014).
17.
Yatsunenko et al. (2012).
18.
Lin et al. (2013).
19.
Ou et al. (2013).
20.
Schnorr et al. (2014).
21.
Becattini et al. (2016).
22.
Jernberg et al. (2010).
23.
Risnes et al. (2011).
24.
Conlon and Bird (2015).
25.
Voreades et al. (2014).
26.
Morton et al. (2015).
27.
Martinez et al. (2015).
28.
Spor et al. (2011).
29.
Blekhman et al. (2015).
30.
Goodrich et al. (2016).
31.
Shanahan and Bernstein (2009).
32.
Marchesi et al. (2015).
33.
Hansen et al. (2012).
34.
Lupp et al. (2007).
35.
Turnbaugh et al. (2006).
36.
Ley et al. (2005).
37.
Ley et al. (2006), and Duncan et al. (2008).
38.
Turnbaugh et al. (2008).
39.
Ridaura et al. (2013).
40.
Qin et al. (2012).
41.
Karlsson et al. (2013).
42.
Schulz et al. (2014).
43.
Sears and Pardoll (2011).
44.
Tjalsma et al. (2012).
45.
Warren et al. (2013).
46.
O’Keefe et al. (2015).
47.
Scott et al. (2015).
48.
Scott et al. (2014).
49.
Sokol et al. (2008).
50.
Sokol et al. (2009).
51.
Ramirez-Farias et al. (2009).
52.
Andrews and Tan (2012).
53.
Kruis et al. (2004).
54.
Hsiao et al. (2013).
55.
Engelbrektson et al. (2009).
56.
Zhang et al. (2015).
57.
Sanchez et al. (2014).
58.
Zhang et al. (2012).
59.
Borody et al. (2004).
60.
Drekonja et al. (2015).
61.
Choi and Cho (2016).
62.
Bakken et al. (2011), and Surawicz et al. (2013).
63.
Brandt and Aroniadis (2013).
64.
Alang and Kelly (2015).
65.
Kazerouni et al. (2015).
66.
Li et al. (2016b).
67.
Kang et al. (2013).
68.
Li et al. (2016a).

References

Aagaard K, Ma J, Antony KM, Ganu R, Petrosino J, Versalovic J (2014) The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599
Article Google Scholar
Alang N, Kelly CR (2015) Weight gain after fecal microbiota transplantation. Open Forum Infect Dis 2(1):ofv004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofv004
Article Google Scholar
Andrews JM, Tan M (2012) Probiotics in luminal gastroenterology: the current state of play. Intern Med J 42(12):1287–1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12015
Article Google Scholar
Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR et al (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473(7346):174–180. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09944
Article Google Scholar
Bakken JS, Borody T, Brandt LJ, Brill JV, Demarco DC, Franzos MA et al (2011) Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9(12):1044–1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011.08.014
Article Google Scholar
Becattini S, Taur Y, Pamer EG (2016) Antibiotic-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and disease. Trends Mol Med 22(6):458–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2016.04.003
Article Google Scholar
Bien J, Palagani V, Bozko P (2013) The intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and Clostridium difficile infection: is there a relationship with inflammatory bowel disease? Ther Adv Gastroenterol 6(1):53–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X12454590
Article Google Scholar
Blekhman R, Goodrich JK, Huang K, Sun Q, Bukowski R, Bell JT et al (2015) Host genetic variation impacts microbiome composition across human body sites. Genome Biol 16(1):191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0759-1
Article Google Scholar
Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis SM, Surace R, Ashman O, Siarakas S (2004) Bacteriotherapy using fecal flora: toying with human motions. J Clin Gastroenterol 38(6):475–483
Article Google Scholar
Brandt LJ, Aroniadis OC (2013) An overview of fecal microbiota transplantation: techniques, indications, and outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc 78(2):240–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2013.03.1329
Article Google Scholar
Choi HH, Cho Y-S (2016) Fecal microbiota transplantation: current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives. Clin Endosc 49(3):257–265. https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2015.117
Article Google Scholar
Conlon MA, Bird AR (2015) The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrients 7(1):17–44. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7010017
Article Google Scholar
David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE et al (2014) Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 505(7484):559–563. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820
Article Google Scholar
De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S et al (2010) Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(33):14691–14696. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005963107
Article Google Scholar
DeGruttola AK, Low D, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E (2016) Current understanding of dysbiosis in disease in human and animal models. Inflamm Bowel Dis 22(5):1137–1150. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000750
Article Google Scholar
Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Fierer N, Knight R (2010) Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(26):11971–11975. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1002601107
Article Google Scholar
Drekonja D, Reich J, Gezahegn S, Greer N, Shaukat A, MacDonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ (2015) Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med 162(9):630–638. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2693
Article Google Scholar
Duncan SH, Lobley GE, Holtrop G, Ince J, Johnstone AM, Louis P, Flint HJ (2008) Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 32(11):1720–1724. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.155
Article Google Scholar
Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, Purdom E, Dethlefsen L, Sargent M et al (2005) Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Science (New York, NY) 308(5728):1635–1638. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1110591
Article Google Scholar
Engelbrektson A, Korzenik JR, Pittler A, Sanders ME, Klaenhammer TR, Leyer G, Kitts CL (2009) Probiotics to minimize the disruption of faecal microbiota in healthy subjects undergoing antibiotic therapy. J Med Microbiol 58(Pt 5):663–670. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47615-0
Article Google Scholar
Falony G, Joossens M, Vieira-Silva S, Wang J, Darzi Y, Faust K et al (2016) Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation. Science (New York, NY) 352(6285):560–564. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3503
Article Google Scholar
Goodrich JK, Davenport ER, Waters JL, Clark AG, Ley RE (2016) Cross-species comparisons of host genetic associations with the microbiome. Science (New York, NY) 352(6285):532–535. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9379
Article Google Scholar
Grice EA, Segre JA (2012) The human microbiome: our second genome. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 13:151–170. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-090711-163814
Article Google Scholar
Hansen R, Russell RK, Reiff C, Louis P, McIntosh F, Berry SH et al (2012) Microbiota of de-novo pediatric IBD: increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and reduced bacterial diversity in Crohn’s but not in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 107(12):1913–1922. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.335
Article Google Scholar
Hsiao EY, McBride SW, Hsien S, Sharon G, Hyde ER, McCue T et al (2013) Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell 155(7):1451–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.024
Article Google Scholar
Jernberg C, Lofmark S, Edlund C, Jansson JK (2010) Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota. Microbiology (Reading, England) 156(Pt 11):3216–3223. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.040618-0
Article Google Scholar
Kang MJ, Kim HG, Kim JS, Oh DG, Um YJ, Seo CS et al (2013) The effect of gut microbiota on drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 9(10):1295–1308. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2013.807798
Article Google Scholar
Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I, Bergstrom G, Behre CJ, Fagerberg B et al (2013) Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature 498(7452):99–103. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12198
Article Google Scholar
Kazerouni A, Burgess J, Burns LJ, Wein LM (2015) Optimal screening and donor management in a public stool bank. Microbiome 3:75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-015-0140-3
Article Google Scholar
Knights D, Lassen KG, Xavier RJ (2013) Advances in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: linking host genetics and the microbiome. Gut 62(10):1505–1510. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303954
Article Google Scholar
Knights D, Ward TL, McKinlay CE, Miller H, Gonzalez A, McDonald D, Knight R (2014) Rethinking “enterotypes”. Cell Host Microbe 16(4):433–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.09.013
Article Google Scholar
Koenig JE, Spor A, Scalfone N, Fricker AD, Stombaugh J, Knight R et al (2011) Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(Suppl 1):4578–4585. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000081107
Article Google Scholar
Kruis W, Fric P, Pokrotnieks J, Lukas M, Fixa B, Kascak M et al (2004) Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine. Gut 53(11):1617–1623. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2003.037747
Article Google Scholar
Ley RE, Backhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD, Gordon JI (2005) Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(31):11070–11075. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504978102
Article Google Scholar
Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI (2006) Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444(7122):1022–1023. https://doi.org/10.1038/4441022a
Article Google Scholar
Li H, He J, Jia W (2016a) The influence of gut microbiota on drug metabolism and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 12(1):31–40. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2016.1121234
Article Google Scholar
Li SS, Zhu A, Benes V, Costea PI, Hercog R, Hildebrand F et al (2016b) Durable coexistence of donor and recipient strains after fecal microbiota transplantation. Science (New York, NY) 352(6285):586–589. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad8852
Article Google Scholar
Lin A, Bik EM, Costello EK, Dethlefsen L, Haque R, Relman DA, Singh U (2013) Distinct distal gut microbiome diversity and composition in healthy children from Bangladesh and the United States. PLoS One 8(1):e53838. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053838
Article Google Scholar
Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R (2012) Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature 489(7415):220–230. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11550
Article Google Scholar
Lupp C, Robertson ML, Wickham ME, Sekirov I, Champion OL, Gaynor EC, Finlay BB (2007) Host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae. Cell Host Microbe 2(3):204
Article Google Scholar
Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, Hermes GDA, Hirschfield GM, Hold G et al (2015) The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Gut 65(2):330–339. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990
Article Google Scholar
Martinez I, Stegen JC, Maldonado-Gomez MX, Eren AM, Siba PM, Greenhill AR, Walter J (2015) The gut microbiota of rural papua new guineans: composition, diversity patterns, and ecological processes. Cell Rep 11(4):527–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.049
Article Google Scholar
Morton ER, Lynch J, Froment A, Lafosse S, Heyer E, Przeworski M et al (2015) Variation in Rural African Gut microbiota is strongly correlated with colonization by Entamoeba and subsistence. PLoS Genet 11(11):e1005658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005658
Article Google Scholar
O’Keefe SJ, Li JV, Lahti L, Ou J, Carbonero F, Mohammed K, Posma JM, Kinross J, Wahl E, Ruder E, Vipperla K, Naidoo V, Mtshali L, Tims S, Puylaert PG, DeLany J, Krasinskas A, Benefiel AC, Kaseb HO, Newton K, Nicholson JK, de Vos WM, Gaskins HR, Zoetendal EG (2015) Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans. Nat Commun 6:6342. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7342
Article Google Scholar
Ou J, Carbonero F, Zoetendal EG, DeLany JP, Wang M, Newton K et al (2013) Diet, microbiota, and microbial metabolites in colon cancer risk in rural Africans and African Americans. Am J Clin Nutr 98(1):111–120. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.056689
Article Google Scholar
Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C et al (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464(7285):59–65. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08821
Article Google Scholar
Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F et al (2012) A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 490(7418):55–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11450
Article Google Scholar
Ramirez-Farias C, Slezak K, Fuller Z, Duncan A, Holtrop G, Louis P (2009) Effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: stimulation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Br J Nutr 101(4):541–550. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508019880
Article Google Scholar
Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE, Cheng J, Duncan AE, Kau AL et al (2013) Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice. Science 341(6150):1241214. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241214
Article Google Scholar
Risnes KR, Belanger K, Murk W, Bracken MB (2011) Antibiotic exposure by 6 months and asthma and allergy at 6 years: Findings in a cohort of 1,401 US children. Am J Epidemiol 173(3):310–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq400
Article Google Scholar
Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady-Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E et al (2014) Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women. Br J Nutr 111(8):1507–1519. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513003875
Article Google Scholar
Schnorr SL, Candela M, Rampelli S, Centanni M, Consolandi C, Basaglia G et al (2014) Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers. Nat Commun 5:3654. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4654
Article Google Scholar
Schulz MD, Atay C, Heringer J, Romrig FK, Schwitalla S, Aydin B et al (2014) High-fat-diet-mediated dysbiosis promotes intestinal carcinogenesis independently of obesity. Nature 514(7523):508–512. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13398
Article Google Scholar
Scott KP, Martin JC, Duncan SH, Flint HJ (2014) Prebiotic stimulation of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria and bifidobacteria, in vitro. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 87(1):30–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12186
Article Google Scholar
Scott KP, Antoine J-M, Midtvedt T, van Hemert S (2015) Manipulating the gut microbiota to maintain health and treat disease. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26:25877
Google Scholar
Sears CL, Pardoll DM (2011) Perspective: alpha-bugs, their microbial partners, and the link to colon cancer. J Infect Dis 203(3):306–311. https://doi.org/10.1093/jinfdis/jiq061
Article Google Scholar
Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (2016) Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol 14(8):e1002533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533
Article Google Scholar
Shanahan F, Bernstein CN (2009) The evolving epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25(4):301–305. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832b12ef
Article Google Scholar
Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L, Lakhdari O, Bermudez-Humaran LG, Gratadoux J-J et al (2008) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(43):16731–16736. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804812105
Article Google Scholar
Sokol H, Seksik P, Furet JP, Firmesse O, Nion-Larmurier I, Beaugerie L et al (2009) Low counts of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15(8):1183–1189. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20903
Article Google Scholar
Spor A, Koren O, Ley R (2011) Unravelling the effects of the environment and host genotype on the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 9(4):279–290. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2540
Article Google Scholar
Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, Ananthakrishnan AN, Curry SR, Gilligan PH et al (2013) Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol 108(4):478–498; quiz 499. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.4
Article Google Scholar
Tjalsma H, Boleij A, Marchesi JR, Dutilh BE (2012) A bacterial driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer: beyond the usual suspects. Nat Rev Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2819
Article Google Scholar
Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI (2006) An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444(7122):1027–1031. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05414
Article Google Scholar
Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI (2007) The human microbiome project. Nature 449(7164):804–810. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06244
Article Google Scholar
Turnbaugh PJ, Backhed F, Fulton L, Gordon JI (2008) Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome. Cell Host Microbe 3(4):213–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2008.02.015
Article Google Scholar
Voreades N, Kozil A, Weir TL (2014) Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome. Front Microbiol 5:494. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00494
Article Google Scholar
Warren RL, Freeman DJ, Pleasance S, Watson P, Moore RA, Cochrane K et al (2013) Co-occurrence of anaerobic bacteria in colorectal carcinomas. Microbiome 1(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-2618-1-16
Article Google Scholar
Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M et al (2012) Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature 486(7402):222–227. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11053
Article Google Scholar
Zhang F, Luo W, Shi Y, Fan Z, Ji G (2012) Should we standardize the 1,700-year-old fecal microbiota transplantation? Am J Gastroenterol. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.251
Article Google Scholar
Zhang Q, Wu Y, Fei X (2015) Effect of probiotics on body weight and body-mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 67(5):571–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1181156
Article Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Jurica Zucko, Antonio Starcevic, Janko Diminic & Damir Oros

Authors

Jurica Zucko
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Antonio Starcevic
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Janko Diminic
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Damir Oros
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jurica Zucko .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Faculty of Law, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Nada Bodiroga-Vukobrat
Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Rijeka, Croatia
Daniel Rukavina
Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Faculty of Medicine, Pula, Croatia
Krešimir Pavelić
Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-Throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Krešimir Pavelić
University of Applied Sciences, Ludwigsburg, Germany
Gerald G. Sander

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zucko, J., Starcevic, A., Diminic, J., Oros, D. (2019). Microbiota: Novel Gateway Towards Personalised Medicine. In: Bodiroga-Vukobrat, N., Rukavina, D., Pavelić, K., Sander, G.G. (eds) Personalized Medicine in Healthcare Systems. Europeanization and Globalization, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16465-2_9

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16465-2_9
Published: 03 August 2019
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16464-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16465-2
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics