Abstract
Diseases have been part of human life for generations and evolve within the population, sometimes dying out while other times becoming endemic or the cause of recurrent outbreaks. Co-infection with different pathogens is common, yet little is known about how infection with one pathogen affects the host’s immunological response to another. Immunology-based models of malaria and tuberculosis (TB) are constructed by extending and modifying existing mathematical models in the literature. The two are then combined to give a single nine-variable model of co-infection with malaria and TB. The immunology-based models of malaria and TB give numerical results that agree with the biological observations. The malaria–TB co-infection model gives reasonable results and these suggest that the order in which the two diseases are introduced have an impact on the behavior of both.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
K. Artavanis-Tsakonas, J.E. Tongren, E.M. Riley, The war between the malaria parasite and the immune system: immunity, immunoregulation and immunopathology. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 133(2), 145–152 (2003)
L.E. Bermudez, L.S. Young, Natural killer cell-dependent mycobacteriostatic and mycobactericidal activity in human macrophages. J. Immunol. 146(1), 265 (1991)
C. Chiyaka, J.M. Tchuenche, W. Garira, S. Dube, A mathematical analysis of the effects of control strategies on the transmission dynamics of malaria. Appl. Math. Comput. 195(2), 641–662 (2008)
M.L. Cohen, Changing patterns of infectious disease. Nature 406(6797), 762–767 (2000)
C. Dye, G.P. Garnett, K. Sleeman, B.G. Williams, Prospects for worldwide tuberculosis control under the WHO DOTS strategy. Lancet 352(9144), 1886–1891 (1998). ISSN 0140-6736
C. Dye, S. Scheele, P. Dolin, V. Pathania, M.C. Raviglione et al., Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 282(7), 677 (1999)
B. Greenwood, T. Mutabingwa, Malaria in 2002. Nature 415(6872), 670–672 (2002)
B. Hellriegel, Modelling the immune response to malaria with ecological concepts: short-term behaviour against long-term equilibrium. Proc. Biol. Sci. 250(1329), 249–256 (1992)
D. Kirschner, Dynamics of co-infection with M. tuberculosis and HIV-1. Theor. Popul. Biol. 55(1), 94–109 (1999)
A. Kochi, The global tuberculosis situation and the new control strategy of the World Health Organization. Bull. World Health Organ. 79, 71–75 (2001)
M.J. Mackinnon, A.F. Read, Immunity promotes virulence evolution in a malaria model. PLoS Biol 2, 1286–1292 (2004)
S. Marino, D.E. Kirschner, The human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lung and lymph node. J. Theor. Biol. 227(4), 463–486 (2004)
A. Murase, T. Sasaki, T. Kajiwara, Stability analysis of pathogen-immune interaction dynamics. J. Math. Biol. 51(3), 247–267 (2005)
C.J. Murray, K. Styblo, A. Rouillon, Tuberculosis in developing countries: burden, intervention and cost. Bull. Int. Union Tuberc. Lung Dis. 65(1), 6 (1990)
A.S. Perelson, P.W. Nelson, Mathematical analysis of HIV-I: dynamics in vivo. SIAM Rev. 41(1), 3–44 (1999)
A. Raja, Immunology of tuberculosis. Indian J. Med. Res. 120, 213–232 (2004)
P.S. Randhawa, Lymphocyte subsets in granulomas of human tuberculosis: an in situ immunofluorescence study using monoclonal antibodies. Pathology 22(3), 153–155 (1990)
M.D. Richard, E. Chaisson, How much does TB treatment cost in the US? May 2010. http://www.hopkins-hivguide.org/q_a/
H.R. Thieme, Epidemic and demographic interaction in the spread of potentially fatal diseases in growing populations. Math. Biosci. 111(1), 99–130 (1992)
H.R. Thieme, Mathematics in Population Biology (Princeton Univ Press, Princeton, 2003)
J.E. Wigginton, D. Kirschner, A model to predict cell-mediated immune regulatory mechanisms during human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Immunol. 166(3), 1951 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Soho, E., Wirkus, S. (2019). Within Host Dynamical Immune Response to Co-infection with Malaria and Tuberculosis. In: Berezovskaya, F., Toni, B. (eds) Advanced Mathematical Methods in Biosciences and Applications. STEAM-H: Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics & Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15715-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15715-9_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-15714-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-15715-9
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)