Oral Medicine in Primary Dental Care pp 133-143 | Cite as

Pigmentary Abnormalities

• Authors
• Authors and affiliations

• Michael A. O. Lewis
• Philip-John Lamey

Chapter

First Online: 22 June 2019

• 334 Downloads

Part of the BDJ Clinician’s Guides book series (BDJCG)

Abstract

Pigmentary changes which occur in the oral mucosa may be due to a number of conditions, including endocrine disturbances, drug therapy, smoking and betel chewing.

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Further Reading

1. Odell EW. Cawson’s essentials of oral pathology and oral medicine. 9th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2017. ISBN 9780702049828.Google Scholar
2. Passeron T, Ortonne JP, editors. Atlas of pigmentary disorders. Berlin: Springer; 2016. ISBN 9783319108964.Google Scholar
3. van der Wall I. Atlas of oral diseases. Berlin: Springer; 2015.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Authors and Affiliations

• Michael A. O. Lewis
  • 1
• Philip-John Lamey
  • 2

1. 1.School of DentistryCardiff University School of DentistryCardiffUK
2. 2.Edinburgh Dental InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh, Dental InstituteEdinburghUK