Abstract
Traditionally, the early post-solid-organ-transplant (SOT) period is defined as the first 6 months after SOT. Nosocomial infections predominate during the first month, linked with (1) the pre-transplant conditions of both recipient and donor, (2) the surgical act of transplant, and (3) the general infectious risk of intensive care patients due to indwelling catheters and intubation devices (Fishman, N Engl J Med 357:2601–2614, 2007). Thereafter, infections with opportunistic pathogens and reactivation of latent pathogens are the major concerns. These risks vary according to the type of transplant, prior exposures, and local epidemiology. Accordingly, preventive strategies must be adapted to both individual and local conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss a global approach to the most common early post-SOT infections and how to optimize their prevention.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Fishman JA. Infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(25):2601–14.
Mularoni A, Bertani A, Vizzini G, et al. Outcome of transplantation using organs from donors infected or colonized with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Am J Transplant. 2015;15(10):2674–82.
Aguado JM, Silva JT, Fernandez-Ruiz M, et al. Management of multidrug resistant gram-negative bacilli infections in solid organ transplant recipients: SET/GESITRA-SEIMC/REIPI recommendations. Transplant Rev. 2018;32(1):36–57.
Cervera C, van Delden C, Gavalda J, et al. Multidrug-resistant bacteria in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(Suppl 7):49–73.
van Duin D, van Delden C, Practice ASTIDCo. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infections in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(Suppl 4):31–41.
Beaume M, Kohler T, Greub G, et al. Rapid adaptation drives invasion of airway donor microbiota by Pseudomonas after lung transplantation. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40309.
Smibert O, Snell GI, Bills H, Westall GP, Morrissey CO. Mycobacterium abscessus complex – a particular challenge in the setting of lung transplantation. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2016;14(3):325–33.
Seem DL, Lee I, Umscheid CA, Kuehnert MJ, United States Public Health S. PHS guideline for reducing human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus transmission through organ transplantation. Public Health Rep. 2013;128(4):247–343.
Kotton CN, Kumar D, Caliendo AM, et al. The third international consensus guidelines on the management of cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplantation. Transplantation. 2018;102(6):900–31.
Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(3):e44–e100.
Peters AC, Akinwumi MS, Cervera C, et al. The changing epidemiology of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in adult solid organ transplant recipients over 30 years: a single center experience. Transplantation. 2018;102(9):1553–62.
Huprikar S, Danziger-Isakov L, Ahn J, et al. Solid organ transplantation from hepatitis B virus-positive donors: consensus guidelines for recipient management. Am J Transplant. 2015;15(5):1162–72.
Levitsky J, Formica RN, Bloom RD, et al. The American Society of Transplantation consensus conference on the use of hepatitis C viremic donors in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2017;17(11):2790–802.
Durand CM, Bowring MG, Brown DM, et al. Direct-acting antiviral prophylaxis in kidney transplantation from hepatitis C virus-infected donors to noninfected recipients: an open-label nonrandomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(8):533–40.
Hirsch HH, Randhawa P, Practice ASTIDCo. BK polyomavirus in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(Suppl 4):179–88.
Hirsch HH, Babel N, Comoli P, et al. European perspective on human polyomavirus infection, replication and disease in solid organ transplantation. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(Suppl 7):74–88.
Hogen R, Dhanireddy KK. Invasive fungal infections following liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2017;22(4):356–63.
Hamandi B, Fegbeutel C, Silveira FP, et al. Voriconazole and squamous cell carcinoma after lung transplantation: a multicenter study. Am J Transplant. 2018;18(1):113–24.
Robert-Gangneux F, Meroni V, Dupont D, et al. Toxoplasmosis in transplant recipients, Europe, 2010–2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(8):1497–504.
Roxby AC, Gottlieb GS, Limaye AP. Strongyloidiasis in transplant patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(9):1411–23.
Abanyie FA, Gray EB, Delli Carpini KW, et al. Donor-derived Strongyloides stercoralis infection in solid organ transplant recipients in the United States, 2009–2013. Am J Transplant. 2015;15(5):1369–75.
Chin-Hong PV, Schwartz BS, Bern C, et al. Screening and treatment of chagas disease in organ transplant recipients in the United States: recommendations from the chagas in transplant working group. Am J Transplant. 2011;11(4):672–80.
Asberg A, Humar A, Rollag H, et al. Oral valganciclovir is noninferior to intravenous ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2007;7(9):2106–13.
Len O, Gavalda J, Aguado JM, et al. Valganciclovir as treatment for cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(1):20–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kotton, C.N., van Delden, C. (2019). Prevention of Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections During the Early Post-transplant Period. In: Manuel, O., Ison, M. (eds) Infectious Diseases in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15394-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15394-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-15393-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-15394-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)