Abstract
This chapter reviews and summarizes the driving forces of urban entrepreneurship in China in the post-reform era. The objective is to answer questions pertaining to the current status and future trends of entrepreneurship, including What are the milestones in institutional restructuring and their significance? What are the political, economic, and social forces that have either positive or negative effects on urban entrepreneurship? And, how are these forces reflected in the current status of entrepreneurship? The chapter, however, raises concerns about tariff fights between two major exporting economies (US and China). It also suggests in-depth investigation of impacts of mutual tariff barriers on export-oriented entrepreneurs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abramson NR, Ai JX (1997) Using guanxi-style buyer-seller relationships in China: reducing uncertainty and improving performance outcomes. Int Exec 39(6):765–804. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060390606
Bao H, Cen Y, Peng Y, Yuan D (2016) Entrepreneurship and intervention strategies of land-lost farmers in urbanization process of Zhejiang province. Public Pers Manag 45(1):37–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026016630399
Bao H, Peng Y (2016) Effect of land expropriation on land-lost farmers’ entrepreneurial action: a case study of Zhejiang Province. Habitat Int 53:342–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.12.008
China Statistical Yearbook. Various years. National Bureau of Statistics
Cong J (2009) Chinese informal financial systems and economic growth: a case study of China’s small and medium enterprises. Public Policy Rev 5(2):63–88
Deng Z, Hofman PS, Newman A (2013) Ownership concentration and product innovation in Chinese private SMEs. Asia Pac J Manag 30(3):717–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9301-0
Dimov D (2017) Towards a qualitative understanding of human capital in entrepreneurship research. Int J Entrep Behav Res 23(2):210–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0016
Dong K (2009) Medical insurance system evolution in China. China Econ Rev 20(4):591–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2009.05.011
Elston JA, Chen S, Weidinger A (2016) The role of informal capital on new venture formation and growth in China. Small Bus Econ 46(1):79–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9674-9
Fan Y (2002) Questioning guanxi: definition, classification and implications. Int Bus Rev 11(5):543–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(02)00036-7
Gilad B, Levine P (1986) A behavioral model of entrepreneurial supply. J Small Bus Manag 24(4):45–53
Government Document 1 (1999) Opinions on establishing a venture investment mechanism. Jointly issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Development Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the People’s Bank of China, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation and the China Securities Regulatory Commission. Retrieved from http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2000/content_60620.htm
Gürol Y, Atsan N (2006) Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Educ Training, 48(1):25–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910610645716
Hu W (2013) How are officials performance evaluated. China Econ Wkl. Retrieved from http://www.ceweekly.cn/2013/1223/71634.shtml
Hua X, Chen Y, Prashantham S (2016) Institutional logic dynamics: private firm financing in Ningbo (1912–2008). Bus Hist 58(3):378–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122707
Huang Y (2008) Capitalism with Chinese characteristics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Iacob SV (2015) Entrepreneurship support of economic growth in China. EcoForum 4(1):77–83
Legal Document 1 (2017) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises. Order of the president of the People’s Republic of China (No. 74). Retrieved from http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Law/2007-12/06/content_1382128.htm
Legal Document 2 (2007) The property law of the People’s Republic of China. Order of the president of the People’s Republic of China (No. 62). Retrieved from http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Law/2009-02/20/content_1471118.htm
Li H (2013) History and development of entrepreneurship in China. In Zhang T, Stough RR (eds) Entrepreneurship and economic growth in China. World Scientific, pp 13–34. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814273374_0002
Li L, Wu X (2014) Housing price and entrepreneurship in China. J. Comp Econ 42(2):436–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.09.001
Liu A, Wang P (2005) Analysis on the Behavior And Choices Of Laid-Off Workers: The Case Of Xiamen. J Fujian Party Sch (in Chinese) 290:37–42
Liu L, Zhang Y (2018) Does non-employment based health insurance promote entrepreneurship? Evidence from a policy experiment in China. J Comp Econ 46(1):270–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2017.04.003
Liu MJ, Huang J, Chong AY, Guan Z, Yannopoulou N (2015) Fellow-townsmenship as the mechanism for exploring and exploiting business opportunities: a longitudinal reflection of the nineteenth century Ningbo entrepreneurs in Shanghai. Bus Hist 57(6):773–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2014.962020
Loo BPY, Chow SY (2006) China’s 1994 tax-sharing reforms: one system differential impact. Asian Surv 46(2):215–237. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2006.46.2.215
Ma C (2017) Student entrepreneurship on the rise. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-09/17/content_32108712.htm
MyCOS Research (2017) Chinese four-year college graduates’ employment annual report 2017. MyCOS Research
Newman A, Gunessee S, Hilton B (2012) Applicability of financial theories of capital structure to the Chinese cultural context: a study of privately owned SMEs. Int Small Bus J 30(1):65–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610370977
Peck J (2011) Geographies of policy: from transfer-diffusion to mobility-mutation. Prog Hum Geogr 35(6):773–797. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510394010
Qian W (2004) The legal risks and countermeasures for private enterprises (in Chinese). CITIC Publishing House
Rodden J (2004) Comparative federalism and decentralization: on meaning and measurement. Comp Politics 36(4):481. https://doi.org/10.2307/4150172
Shane S (2000) Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organ Sci 11(4):448–469. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602
Spigel B (2017) The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrep Theory Prac 41(1):49–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12167
The Economist (2011) Bamboo capitalism: China’s success owes more to its entrepreneurs than its bureaucrats. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/03/10/bamboo-capitalism
Tse E (2016) The rise of entrepreneurship in China. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/tseedward/2016/04/05/the-rise-of-entrepreneurship-in-china/#3a9dbcb03efc
van der Kamp D, Lorentzen P, Mattingly D (2017) Racing to the bottom or to the top? Decentralization, revenue pressures, and governance reform in China. World Dev 95:164–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.02.021
Wang, C. L. (2007) Guanxi vs. relationship marketing: exploring underlying differences. Ind Market Manag 36(1):81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.08.002
Wang L, Shen X (1989) Chinese interpersonal relations (in Chinese). Shanxi People’s Publishing House, Taiyuan
Wei S-J, Zhang X (2011) The competitive saving motive: evidence from rising sex ratios and savings rates in China. J Polit Econ 119(3):511–564. https://doi.org/10.1086/660887
Wu P, Lu Q, Wang G (2004) A study on cultivated land loss and its driving forces in Beijing, 1981–2001. China Popul Resour Environ (in Chinese) 14(3):109–115
Xinhua News (2017) Small and medium-sized enterprises account for 99% of all enterprises in China. Xinhua News. Retrieved from http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2017-11/29/c_1122032239.htm
You H (2017) Agricultural landscape dynamics in response to economic transition: comparisons between different spatial planning zones in Ningbo region, China. Land Use Policy 61:316–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.11.025
You Y, Zhu F, Ding X (2017) College student entrepreneurship in China: Results from a national survey of directors of career services in Chinese higher education institutions. Curr Issues Comp Educ 19(2):64–83
Zhou D (2012) Chinese entrepreneurs go global. Technol Innov Manag Rev 28–31
Zhou X (2017) China focus: support for entrepreneurship on the rise in Chinese education. Xinhua News. Retrieved from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-09/14/c_136609788.htm
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Xie, L. (2020). Entrepreneurship in Chinese Cities in the Post-reform Era. In: Iftikhar, M., Justice, J., Audretsch, D. (eds) Urban Studies and Entrepreneurship. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15164-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15164-5_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-15163-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-15164-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)