Abstract
Today, too many peace education programs are viewed as ancillary in the process of creating peace. A review of initiatives and the included case study highlight that peace is often seen as a positive outcome of conflict, instead of an intentional product of cogent programming. This viewpoint must be critiqued, as there are excellent formal peace programs around the world that are creating nonviolent ecologies without conflict. Many peace programs, and psychology as a profession, have been required to include diverse viewpoints in formal peace educational models as the world opens to immediate information sharing and exposure via social media. All too often there is a deprivation of these programs, as the global north and centers of power in the west have dominated conversations surrounding diversity, peace, and the creation of a sound society. This chapter discusses the theoretical foundations of diversity (and lack thereof) in majority culture peace studies, highlights historically diverse peace movements, explores a local peace initiative as case study, and promotes current theories and practices of diversity that challenge mainstream peace dialogues. Examples are pulled from the global south, women; LGBTQ; indigenous cultures, and the marginalized peoples of our planet.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abrego-Franco, M. (2010). La situacion de la educacion para la paz en Mexico en la actualidad. Espacios Publicos, 13(27), 149–164. Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=67613199010
Abu-Nimer, M., & Nasser, I. (2017). Building peace education in the Islamic context. International Review of Education, 63(2), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-017-9632-7
Agnew, E. (2017). A will to peace: Jane Addams, World War I, and “pacifism in practice”. Peace & Change, 42(1), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/pech.12216
Amadi, C. (2013). Clinician, society, and suicide mountain: Reading Rogerian doctrine of unconditional positive regard (UPR). Psychological Thought, 6(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v6i1.54
Andrews, F. (1914). The American School Peace League. The Advocate of Peace, 76(2), 41–43. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20666885
Bajaj, M. (2008). Encyclopedia of peace education. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Bajaj, M., & Hantzopoulos, M. (2016). Peace education: International perspectives. London: Bloomsbury.
Baligadoo, D. (2014). Peace profile: Maria Montessori—Peace through education. Peace Review-A Journal of Social Justice, 26(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2014.938003
Barash, D., & Webel, C. (2018). Peace and conflict studies (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Burns, A. (2010). Feeling the pinch: Kenya, Al-Shabaab, and East Africa’s refugee crisis. Refugee, 27(1), 5–15. ISSN 0229-5113.
Candel, S., & Cubbon, S. (2013). Peace education in teacher professional development in Saltillo, Mexico. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Chelule, E. (2014). Impediments to implementation of peace education in public universities in Kenya. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(3), 174–185. e-ISSN 2279-0837, p-ISSN 2279-0845.
Eagle, G. (2015). Crime, fear and continuous stress in South Africa: What place social cohesion? Psychology in Society, 49, 83–98. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8708/2015/n49a7
Enslin, P. (2000). Citizenship, identity, and myth: Educational implications of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Change: Transformations in Educations, 3(1), 80–90. Retrieved from https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/4378/1/Vol3No1Article6.pdf
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Continuum Press.
Gokani, R., & Walsh, R. (2017). On the historical and conceptual foundations of a community psychology of social transformation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 59(3/4), 284–294. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12141
Goodspeed, T. (2016). Microcredit and adjustment to environmental shock: Evidence from the Great Famine in Ireland. Journal of Development Economics, 121, 258–277. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.03.003
Gregory, R. (2001). The spirit and substance of community psychology: Reflections. Journal of Community Psychology, 29(4), 473–485. ISSN: 0090-4392.
Harris, I. (2013). Peace education from the grassroots. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Jares, X. R. (1995). El contexto organizativo de un proyecto curricular para la paz. Revista Interuniversitaria de Formacion del Profesorado, 22, 61–74. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=117854
Jares, X. R. (2006). Pedagogio de la convivencia. Barcelona: Institut de Recursos I Investigacio per la Formacio.
Jason, L., Stevens, E., Ram, D., Miller, S., Beasley, C., & Gleason, K. (2016). Theories in the field of community psychology. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 7(2), 1–27. Retreived from http://www.gjcpp.org/
Joseph, P., & Duss, L. (2009). Teaching a pedagogy of peace: A study of peace educators in United States schools in the aftermath of September 11. Journal of Peace Education, 6(2), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200903086615
Kelly, J. (2002). The spirit of community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(1), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014368000641
Kelly, J. (2010). More thoughts: On the spirit of community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45(3/4), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-010-9305-1
Kozol, J. (1991). Savage inequalities: Children in America’s schools. New York, NY: Broadway Paperbacks.
Lauritzen, S. (2016). Educational change following conflict: Challenges related to the implementation of a Peace Education Programme in Kenya. Journal of Educational Change, 17(3), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-015-9268-y
Martin-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a liberation psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
McVeigh, R. (2002). Between reconciliation and pacification: The British state and community relations in the north of Ireland. Community Development Journal, 37(1), 47–59. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44258848
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. (2014). Education sector policy on peace education. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://www.adeanet.org/fr/system/files/peace_education_policy_0.pdf
O’Donnell, A. M., Reeve, J., & Smith, J. K. (2012). Educational psychology: Reflection for action (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Pace E Bene. (2017). Retrieved from www.Paceebene.org
Pant, D., & Gulati, S. (2010). Ways to peace: A resource book for teachers. New Delhi, India: National Council for Educational Research and Training. 978-93-500053-6.
Pottinger, A. (2012). Children’s exposure to violence in Jamaica: Over a decade of research and interventions. The West Indian Medical Journal, 61(4), 369–371. ISSN: 00433144.
Prasad, S., (1998). Development of peace education in India (since independence). Peace education miniprints no. 95. Malmo, Sweden: Malmo School of Education. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED42989
Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919275
Reardon, B., & Snauwaert, D. (2015). Betty A. Reardon: A pioneer in education for peace and human rights. Cham: Springer.
Salomon, G., & Cairns, E. (2010). Handbook on peace education. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Salomon, G., & Nevo, B. (2002). Peace education: The concept, principles, and practices around the world. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Smyth, M., & Fay, M. (2000). Personal accounts from Northern Ireland’s Troubles: Public conflict, private loss. London: Pluto Press.
Sternberg, R., & William, W. (2010). Educational psychology (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.
Stomfay-Stitz, A. (1993). Peace education in America, 1828–1990: Sourcebook for education and research. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
Swick, K., & Williams, R. (2006). An analysis of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological perspective for early childhood educators: Implications for working with families experiencing stress. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(5), 371–378. Retrieved from http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&gathStatTab=true&ct=display&fn=search&doc=ETOCRN613373549&indx=1&recIds=ETOCRN191593570
Tyrell, J. (1995). The Quaker Peace Education Project 1988–1994: Developing untried strategies. Coleraine: University of Ulster.
Urdal, H., Ostby, G., & Gleditsch, N. (2014). Journal of peace research. Peace Review, 26(4), 500–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2014.972247
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bereza, M. (2019). Peace Education in Psychology. In: Njoku, M.G.C., Jason, L.A., Johnson, R.B. (eds) The Psychology of Peace Promotion. Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14943-7_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14943-7_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-14942-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-14943-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)