Abstract
Social injustice and systematic violations of human rights create cultures of violence and harm. This chapter explores the relationship between elements of social justice (e.g., distributive justice, procedural justice, and equity), human rights, and various elements of peace processes (e.g., negative-positive peace; peacekeeping to peacebuilding), which can be used to advocate and foster cultures of peace. The influence of globalization on the burgeoning child sex tourism trade provides a case study to examining the interplay between human rights, social injustice, and direct, structural, and cultural forms of violence.
Linda M. Woolf is Professor of Peace Psychology and International Human Rights at Webster University.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
American Psychological Association. (2017). Multicultural guidelines: An ecological approach to context, identity, and intersectionality. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/about/policy/multicultural-guidelines.pdf
Bales, K. (2004). Disposable people: New slavery in the global economy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 75–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00064
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
Bandura, A. (2016). Moral disengagement: How people do harm and live with themselves. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1017/beq.2016.37
Banks, K. H., & Stephens, J. (2018). Reframing internalized racial oppression and charting a way forward. Social Issues and Policy Review, 12(1), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12041
Bartunek, J. M., & Moch, M. K. (1987). First-order, second-order, and third-order change and organization development interventions: A cognitive approach. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 23, 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638702300404
Bell, L. A. (2016). Theoretical foundations for social justice education. In M. Adams & L. A. Bell (Eds.), Teaching for diversity and social justice (3nd ed., pp. 3–26). New York, NY: Routledge.
Berscheid, E., Boye, D., & Walster, E. (1968). Retaliation as a means of restoring equity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 370–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026817
Bobocel, D. R., & Gosse, L. (2015). Procedural justice: A historical review and critical analysis. In R. R. S. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 51–87). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Chang, C., & Chen, M. (2013). Dependency, globalization and overseas sex-related consumption by East Asians. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15, 521–534. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1872
Christie, D. J., Tint, B. S., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. D. (2008). Peace psychology for a peaceful world. American Psychologist, 63, 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.540
Christie, D. J., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. A. (Eds.). (2001). Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century. Retrieved from http://u.osu.edu/christie/about/peace-conflict-and-violence-peace-psychology-for-the-21st-century/
Correia, I., Vala, J., & Aguiar, P. (2001). The effects of belief in a just world and victim’s innocence on secondary victimization, judgments of justice and deservingness. Social Justice Research, 14, 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2005.12.010
Cotter, K. M. (2009). Combating child sex tourism in Southeast Asia. Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, 37, 493–512. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete.
Daniel, J. H. (2018). Calling all citizen psychologists. Monitor on Psychology, 49(2), 6.
Davy, D. (2013). Understanding the motivations and activities of transnational advocacy networks against child sex trafficking in the greater Mekong Subregion: The value of cosmopolitan globalisation theory. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5, 39–68. https://doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v5i1.2673
Davy, D. (2014). Understanding the complexities of responding to child sex trafficking in Thailand and Cambodia. International Journal of Sociology & Social Policy, 34, 793–816. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-10-2013-0103
Deutsch, M. (1985). Distributive justice: A social psychological perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
ECPAT. (2016). Offenders on the move: Global study on sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism. Retrieved from http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/global-report-offenders-move-final.pdf
ECPAT. (2018). Global database. Retrieved from https://globaldatabase.ecpat.org/
Eirienne, A. K. (2009). Child sex tourism: “Us” and “them” in a globalized world. Inquires Journal, 1. Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/34/child-sex-tourism-us-and-them-in-a-globalized-world
Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 3, 176–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301
Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilization. London, UK: Sage.
Gauthier, J. (2008, October). UN Report: The Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists presented at the United Nations DPI/NGO conference in Paris. Psychology International, 19(4), 12–13. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/international/pi/2008/10/issue.pdf
Giroux, H. A. (2017). Authoritarianism, class warfare, and the advance of neoliberal austerity policies. Knowledge Cultures, 5, 13–20. https://doi.org/10.22381/KC5120172
Hammack, P. L. (2018). Social psychology and social justice: Critical principles and perspectives for the twenty-first century. In P. L. Hammack (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of social psychology and social justice (pp. 4–40). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Hollander-Blumoff, R. (2017). Formation of procedural justice judgments in legal negotiation. Group Decision & Negotiation, 26, 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9498-2
International Union of Psychological Science. (2008). Universal declaration of ethical principles for psychology. Retrieved from http://www.iupsys.net/about/governance/universal-declaration-of-ethical-principles-for-psychologists.html
Jason, L. A., Stevens, E., Ram, D., Millar, S., Beasley, C. R., & Gleason, K. (2016). Theoris in the field of community psychology. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 7(2), 1–27. Retrieved from https://www.gjcpp.org/pdfs/TheoryPaper_FormattedFinal.pdf
Johnson, D., Wilson, D. B., Maguire, E. R., & Lowrey-Kinberg, B. V. (2017). Race and perceptions of police: Experimental results on the impact of procedural (in)justice. Justice Quarterly, 34, 1184–1212. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2017.1343862
Jost, J. T., & Kay, A. C. (2014). The history of psychology and social justice. In C. V. Johnson, H. L. Friedman, J. Diaz, Z. Franco, B. K. Nastasi, C. V. Johnson, et al. (Eds.), The Praeger handbook of social justice and psychology: Fundamental issues and special populations; Well-being and professional issues; youth and disciplines in psychology (pp. 3–32). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger/ABC-CLIO.
Kara, S. (2011). Supply and demand. Harvard International Review, 33(2), 66–71. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier.
Koops, T., Turner, D., Neutze, J., & Briken, P. (2017). Child sex tourism—Prevalence of and risk factors for its use in a German community sample. BMC Public Health, 17, 1–8. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5397735/
Kosuri, M. (2016). Child sex tourism: A violation of children’s rights. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/international/united-nations/un-matters/kosuri-sex-tourism.pdf
Lusk, M., & Lucas, F. (2009). The challenge of human trafficking and contemporary slavery. Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, 25, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802514049
Majeed, M. T., & Malik, A. (2017). Selling souls: An empirical analysis of human trafficking and globalization. Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences, 11, 452–487.
Meel, B. L. (2003). The myth of child rape as a cure for HIV/AIDS in Transkei: A case report. Medicine, Science, and the Law, 43, 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.43.1.85
Mikhail, S. L. B. (2002). Child marriage and child prostitution: Two forms of sexual exploitation. In R. Masika (Ed.), Gender trafficking and slavery (pp. 38–42). Herndon, VA: Stylus.
Murphy, K., & Mazerolle, L. (2018). Policing immigrants: Using a randomized control trial of procedural justice policing to promote trust and cooperation. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 51, 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865816673691
Olsaretti, S. (2018). Introduction: The idea of distributive justice. In S. Olsaretti (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of distributive justice (pp. 1–12). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Opotow, S. (2001). Social injustice. In D. J. Christie, R. V. Wagner, & D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century (pp. 102–109). New York, NY: Prentice-Hall. Retrieved from http://u.osu.edu/christie/files/2014/10/Chapter-8-Social-Injustice-Opotow-1jaya7m.pdf
Opotow, S. (2002). The psychology of impunity and injustice: Implications for social reconciliation. In M. C. Bassiouni (Ed.), Post conflict justice (pp. 201–216). Ardsley, NY: Transnational Press.
Opotow, S. (2018). Social justice theory and practice: Fostering inclusion in exclusionary contexts. In P. Hammack (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of social psychology and social justice (pp. 41–56). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Panko, T. R., & George, B. P. (2012). Child sex tourism: Exploring the issues. Criminal Justice Studies, 25, 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2012.657904
Parmentier, S. (2010). Epilogue: Human trafficking seen from the future. European Journal of Criminology, 7(1), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370809347947
Peerapeng, S., Chaitip, P., Chaiboonsri, C., Kovacs, S., & Balogh, P. (2013). Impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking in the greater Mekong sub-region countries. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 6, 123–130. Retrieved from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/147426
Penttinen, E. (2008). Globalization, prostitution and sex-trafficking: Corporeal politics. New York, NY: Routledge.
Pickett, J. T., Nix, J., & Roche, S. P. (2018). Testing a social schematic model of police procedural justice. Social Psychology Quarterly, 81(2), 97–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272518765134
Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741–763. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.67.4.741
Rice, J. K., Enns, C. Z., & Nutt, R. L. (2015). Inclusive and affirmative psychological practice: Unifying themes. In C. Zerbe Enns, J. K. Rice, & R. L. Nutt (Eds.), Psychological practice with women: Guidelines, diversity, empowerment (pp. 257–276). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14460-010
Shields, P. M. (2017). Limits of negative peace, face of positive peace. Parameters, 47(3), 5–12. Retrieved from https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/parameters/issues/Autumn_2017/4_Shields.pdf
Shin, R. Q. (2015). The application of critical consciousness and intersectionality as tools for de-colonizing racial/ethnic identity development models in the fields of counseling and psychology. In R. Goodman & P. Gorski (Eds.), Decolonizing “multicultural” counseling and psychology: Visions for social justice theory and practice (pp. 11–22). New York, NY: Springer.
Shin, Y., Du, J., & Choi, J. (2015). Multi-level longitudinal dynamics between procedural justice and interpersonal helping in organizational teams. Journal of Business & Psychology, 30, 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9379-0
Staub, E. (2003). The psychology of good and evil. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Stryker, J. (1998, October 23). Asking for it. Salon.com. Retrieved from Nexis Uni.
Taylor, M. S. (2015). The roles of workplace justice in the midst of organizational change. In R. S. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 577–603). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
United Nations. (1989). Convention on the rights of the child. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx
United Nations. (1966a). International covenant on civil and political rights. Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm
United Nations. (1966b). International covenant on economic, social and cultural rights. Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm
United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Protocols). Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/protocoltraffickinginpersons.aspx
United Nations. (2018). Office of human rights interactive dashboard. Retrieved from http://indicators.ohchr.org
United States. (2003). Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools To End the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003 (PROTECT Act). Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/j/tip/laws/120170.htm
U.S. Department of Justice. (2016). Extraterritorial sexual exploitation of children. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/criminal-ceos/extraterritorial-sexual-exploitation-children
U.S. Department of State. (2016). Trafficking in persons report. Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/258876.pdf
Voelkner, N. (2014). Affective economies in the governance of trafficking and sex work in Vietnam. Global Society: Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations, 28, 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2014.900740
Walzer, M. (1983). Spheres of justice: A defense of pluralism and equality. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Woolf, L. M., & Hulsizer, M. R. (2004). Hate groups for dummies: How to build a successful hate group. Humanity and Society, 28, 40–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059760402800105
Woolf, L. M., & Hulsizer, M. R. (2005). Psychosocial roots of genocide: Risk, prevention, and intervention. Journal of Genocide Research, 7, 101–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520500045088
Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Woolf, L.M. (2019). Social Justice and Peace. In: Njoku, M.G.C., Jason, L.A., Johnson, R.B. (eds) The Psychology of Peace Promotion. Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14943-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14943-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-14942-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-14943-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)