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Portuguese Textbooks on Descriptive Geometry

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Descriptive Geometry, The Spread of a Polytechnic Art

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Abstract

The introduction of descriptive geometry in Portuguese did not begin in Portugal itself but in what had so far been the outskirts of the Empire: in Brazil. There, a commented translation of Monge’s treatise was published in 1812, but it was decades later before a descriptive geometry textbook was first published in Portugal. Furthermore most of the first descriptive geometry booklets and textbooks published in Portugal were written for secondary school students, and the publication of a comprehensive descriptive geometry textbook intended for higher education had to wait until the end of the nineteenth century. This chapter will describe the evolution of the teaching of descriptive geometry in Portugal up to the end of the nineteenth century.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Translated by the authors.

  2. 2.

    In fact, the translation of Monge’s textbook had no impact in Portugal. For instance, the book is held by neither the National Library in Lisbon nor the library of the Academia de Marinha in Lisbon.

  3. 3.

    For more about the influence of the Ècole des Ponts et Chaussées on the Escola Polytechnica de Lisboa, see (Matos 2013).

  4. 4.

    In the Porto school, machine drawing is not included and is replaced by linear perspective. However, the study of screws, gears and serpentines appears in the first part of the course in the Porto school syllabus.

  5. 5.

    In the Porto school syllabus, the notion of rabatment of planes is added here.

  6. 6.

    Personal communication from Nabo (2012).

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Patrícia Costa (Museum of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto) and Roger Picken (Instituto Superior Técnico) for their valuable help.

José Carlos Santos was partially supported by CMUP (UID/MAT/00144/2013), which is funded by FCT (Portugal) with national (MEC) and European structural funds (FEDER), under the partnership agreement PT2020

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Independent Researcher, Porto, Portugal

    Eliana Manuel Pinho

  2. Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    José Carlos Santos

  3. University of Porto, Faculty of Architecture, Porto, Portugal

    João Pedro Xavier

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  1. Eliana Manuel Pinho
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  2. José Carlos Santos
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Correspondence to João Pedro Xavier .

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  1. UFR Sciences et Techniques, Nantes, France

    Évelyne Barbin

  2. Department of Mathematics, Sapienza–University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Marta Menghini

  3. University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

    Klaus Volkert

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Pinho, E.M., Santos, J.C., Xavier, J.P. (2019). Portuguese Textbooks on Descriptive Geometry. In: Barbin, É., Menghini, M., Volkert, K. (eds) Descriptive Geometry, The Spread of a Polytechnic Art. International Studies in the History of Mathematics and its Teaching. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14808-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14808-9_7

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