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Current State of the Problem of Thyroid Diseases: Principles and Technology of Thyroid Ultrasound

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Thyroid Ultrasound

Abstract

Iodine deficiency in endemic regions and high incidence of thyroid disorders remain important social and medical problems. The diseases of the thyroid gland rank second among all endocrine pathology in terms of prevalence. They are registered in 8–20% of the adult population of the world. The number exceeds 50% in endemic regions. Thyroid cancer accounts for 1–3% of all malignant tumors. Recent studies demonstrate the increase in the incidence of thyroid diseases inclusive with malignant neoplasms in virtually all countries. Ultrasound is the leading imaging modality for thyroid diseases. Modern ultrasound scanners are sensitive enough to differentiate thyroid lesions of 1 mm in size. Sonography can be utilized as a screening method for thyroid diseases. Patients with thyroid abnormalities are subject to further qualified in-depth study. Modern multiparametric thyroid ultrasound is based on grayscale imaging and its derivatives (tissue harmonics, etc.), noninvasive assessment of vascularity (color and power Doppler imaging, spectral pulsed-wave Doppler, B-flow, etc.), assessment of tissue elasticity (ultrasound compression and shear wave elastography), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (invasive assessment of vascularity), postprocessing, and reconstruction (3D/4D, panoramic scan, multislice view, etc.). The study confers data on the location, dimensions, volume, margins, shape, echodensity, echostructure, elasticity, blood vessels of the thyroid parenchyma, and thyroid abnormalities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Visual and Functional Diagnostics, National Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

    Alexander N. Sencha

  2. Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Center for Radiological Diagnostics of Non-State Healthcare Institution Yaroslavl Railway Clinic of JSC “Russian Railways”, Yaroslavl, Russia

    Yury N. Patrunov

  3. Academic Council of National Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

    Stanislav V. Pavlovich

  4. Department for Internal Diseases Propaedeutic, Course of Diagnostic Radiology of Medical Faculty of Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University”, Cheboksary, Russia

    Liubov A. Timofeyeva

  5. Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch Campus of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Further Professional Education, “Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russia

    Munir G. Tukhbatullin

  6. Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

    Antonina A. Smetnik

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  1. Alexander N. Sencha
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  3. Stanislav V. Pavlovich
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  4. Liubov A. Timofeyeva
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia

    Alexander N. Sencha

  2. Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Yaroslavl Railway Clinic, Yaroslavl, Russia

    Yury N. Patrunov

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Sencha, A.N., Patrunov, Y.N., Pavlovich, S.V., Timofeyeva, L.A., Tukhbatullin, M.G., Smetnik, A.A. (2019). Current State of the Problem of Thyroid Diseases: Principles and Technology of Thyroid Ultrasound. In: Sencha, A., Patrunov, Y. (eds) Thyroid Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14451-7_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14451-7_1

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