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Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Trauma

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Ophthalmology in Military and Civilian Casualty Care

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of cognitive impairment and disability, imposing a burden on public health resources worldwide. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define TBI as craniocerebral trauma occurring from an injury to the head from blunt, penetrating, or acceleration/deceleration forces (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; Marr and Coronado, Central nervous system injury surveillance data submission standards—2002. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA, 2004). TBI is a structural or physiological disruption of brain function accompanied by at least one of the following: loss of or decreased level of consciousness, amnesia, alteration in mental state (confusion, disorientation), neurologic defects (weakness, loss of balance, change in vision, praxis, paresis, sensory loss, aphasia), or intracranial lesion. Common causes of TBI in the civilian population include motor vehicle accidents, falls, assault, and sports injuries. It is estimated that in 2013, 2.8 million people in the USA sought emergency department care, were hospitalized, or died from TBI-related injuries.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Valley Eye Medical Group, Stockton, CA, USA

    Sarah J. Kim

  2. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Aurora, CO, USA

    Prem S. Subramanian

  3. LTC(P), MC, US Army, Stanford University, Department of Ophthalmology, Stockton, CA, USA

    Kimberly P. Cockerham

Authors
  1. Sarah J. Kim
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  2. Prem S. Subramanian
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  3. Kimberly P. Cockerham
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prem S. Subramanian .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lieutenant Colonel, US Army Reserve San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Christopher J. Calvano

  2. Brigadier General, US Army Retired Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    Robert W. Enzenauer

  3. Colonel, US Army Retired Ophthalmology Service, JBSA Fort Sam, Houston, TX, USA

    Anthony J. Johnson

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Kim, S.J., Subramanian, P.S., Cockerham, K.P. (2019). Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Trauma. In: Calvano, C., Enzenauer, R., Johnson, A. (eds) Ophthalmology in Military and Civilian Casualty Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14437-1_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14437-1_10

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-14437-1

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