Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Patterns for Functional Safety System Development

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Transactions on Pattern Languages of Programming IV

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((TPLOP,volume 10600))

  • 582 Accesses

Abstract

Functional safety is involved in many machines, processes, and systems to mitigate risks by reducing the likelihood of the occurrence or the severity of the consequences of a hazard. The development of functional safety systems realising safety functions is typically directed by laws and standards, which set requirements on the development process and design of the system. In addition, functional safety systems often operate in a context, in which other control entities also affect the operation of the system under control. In this article, nine patterns considering the design and development functional safety systems, in terms of their architecture and co-operation with other controlling entities, are presented. The purpose of the patterns is to support the designers of functional safety systems to cope with the mentioned aspects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R., Vlissides, J.: Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley, Boston (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Freeman, E., Freeman, E., Sierra, K., Bates, B.: Head First Design Patterns. O’Reilly, Newton (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Buschmann, F., Meunier, R., Rohnert, H., Sommerland, P., Stal, M.: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns, vol. 1. Wiley, Hoboken (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Schmidt, D., Stal, M., Rohnert, H., Buschmann, F.: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects. Wiley, New York (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Hohpe, G., Woolf, B.: Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions. Addison-Wesley Professional, Boston (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fowler, M.: Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Erl, T.: SOA Design Patterns. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Eloranta, V.-P., Koskinen, J., Leppänen, M., Reijonen, V.: Designing Distributed Control Systems: A Pattern Language Approach. Wiley, Sussex (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hanmer, R.S.: Patterns for Fault Tolerant Software. Wiley, Chichester (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Douglass, B.P.: Doing Hard Time: Developing Real-Time Systems with UML, Objects, Frameworks, and Patterns. Addison-Wesley, Boston (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Armoush, A.: Design patterns for safety-critical embedded systems (2010). http://aib.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/2010/2010-13.pdf

  12. Alho, P., Rauhamäki, J.: Patterns for light-weight fault tolerance and decoupled design in distributed control systems. In: Noble, J., et al. (eds.) TPLOP IV. LNCS, vol. 10600, pp. 1–21. Springer, Heidelberg (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Preschern, C., Kajtazovic, N., Kreiner, C.: Building a safety architecture pattern system. In: Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Program, EuroPLoP 2013 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Koskinen, J., Vuori, M., Katara, M.: Safety process patterns: demystifying safety standards. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Software Science, Technology and Engineering, pp. 63–71. IEEE Computer Society (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Douglass, B.P.: Real-Time Design Patterns: Robust Scalable Architecture for Real-Time Systems. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gomaa, H.: Real-Time Software Design for Embedded Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2016)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  17. Zalewski, J.: Real-time software architectures and design patterns: fundamental concepts and their consequences. Ann. Rev. Control 25, 133–146 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pont, M.J.: Patterns for Time-Triggered Embedded Systems: Building Reliable Applications with the 8051 Family of Microcontrollers. Addison-Wesley, New York (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sanz, R., Zalewski, J.: Pattern-based control systems engineering - using design patterns to document, transfer, and exploit design knowledge. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 23, 43–60 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Electrotechnical Commission: IEC 61508:2010 - Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. International Organization for Standardization: EN ISO 13849-1 - Safety of machinery, safety-related parts of control systems, part 1: general principles for design (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Rauhamäki, J., Vepsäläinen, T.: Functional Safety System Designer’s Handbook - Design Patterns for Safety System Development. Forum for Intelligent Machines. Internal report (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Buschmann, F., Henney, K., Schmidt, D.C.: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A Pattern Language for Distributed Computing, vol. 4. Wiley, Chichester (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rauhamäki, J., Kuikka, S.: Patterns for control system safety. In: Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Program, EuroPLoP 2013 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Liebherr LTM 1030-2.1 technical datasheet. https://www.liebherr.com/external/products/products-assets/261930/liebherr-ltm-1030-2-1-200-00-us04-2016.pdf

  26. Manitou Man’go 12. https://www.manitou.com/en/p/VO2gPCwAAGQy0auV#p

  27. Gasparini. http://www.gasparini.it/en/press-brakes

  28. Caterpillar 302.7D CR Mini Hydraulic Excavator. http://www.cat.com/en_US/products/new/equipment/excavators/mini-excavators/18254186.html

  29. Ponsse: Scorpion, product brochure. http://www.ponsse.com/fi/content/download/9107/203130/file/PONSSE_Scorpion_ENG.pdf

  30. John Deere: 1470G Wheeled harvester. https://www.deere.com/en_US/products/equipment/harvesters/wheeled_harvesters/1470g_ft4/1470g_ft4.page

  31. Komatsu: Komatsu 911 harvester. http://www.komatsuforest.com/default.aspx?id=115891&productId=115641&rootID=1475

  32. Dorf, R.C., Bishop, R.H.: Modern Control Systems. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Smith, C.L.: Distillation Control: An Engineering Perspective. Wiley, Hoboken (2012)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. Rockwell Automation: Bul. 440R—Guardmaster® Safety Relays. Publication 440R-SG001C-EN-P (2012). http://www.movetec.fi/images/pdf/440r-sg001_-en-p.pdf

  35. Pizzato: Introduction to Safety. http://www.pizzato.com/PizzatoWeb/UserFiles/File/pdf/document/introduction_safety.pdf

  36. Hauke, M., et al.: Functional Safety of Machine Controls: Application of EN ISO 13849. DGUV, Berlin (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bittner, C., et al.: The Safety Compendium. Pilz (2013). https://www.pilz.com/imperia/md/content/editors_mm/safety_compendium_en_2014_01.pdf

  38. Apfeld, R., Zilligen, H., Köhler, B.: Safe Drive Controls with Frequency Converters (IFA Report 7/2013e). DGUV, Berlin (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bartley, G.F.: Boeing B-777: fly-by- wire flight controls. In: Spitzer, C.R. (ed.) The Avionics Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Falkena, W., Borst, C., Chu, Q.P., Mulder, J.A.: Investigation of practical flight envelope protection systems for small aircraft. J. Guid. Control Dyn. 34, 976–988 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Rauhamäki, J., Vepsäläinen, T., Kuikka, S.: Functional safety system patterns. In: Eloranta, V.-P., Koskinen, J., Leppänen, M. (eds.) Proceedings of VikingPloP 2012 Conference, pp. 48–68. Tampere University of Technology (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The patterns presented in this article have originally been published in [41] and [24], and a grant to reuse the content has been kindly provided by VikingPLoP 2012 and 2013 organizers. The publications were written in co-operation with Timo Vepsäläinen and Seppo Kuikka.

The authors would like to thank the people who have helped us with these patterns. The authors would like to thank VikingPLoP 2012 members: Veli-Pekka Eloranta, Ville Reijonen, Dirk Schnelle-Walka, and Joonas Salo and especially our shepherd Farah Lakhani for their valuable feedback in the VikingPLoP 2012.

In addition, with no less importance, the authors would like to thank the workshop group members in the VikingPLoP 2013: Samuel Lehtinen, Christopher Preschern, Johannes Koskinen, Pekka Alho, Marko Leppänen, Stefan Radomski, Ville Reijonen, and Veli-Pekka Eloranta and especially our shepherd Dirk Schnelle-Walka for their valuable feedback and input to improve the patterns and the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Automation Science and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland

    Jari Rauhamäki

Authors
  1. Jari Rauhamäki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jari Rauhamäki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

    James Noble

  2. Siebel Center for Computer Science, Urbana, IL, USA

    Ralph Johnson

  3. University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Uwe Zdun

  4. University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA

    Eugene Wallingford

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Rauhamäki, J. (2019). Patterns for Functional Safety System Development. In: Noble, J., Johnson, R., Zdun, U., Wallingford, E. (eds) Transactions on Pattern Languages of Programming IV. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10600. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14291-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14291-9_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-14290-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-14291-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation