Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Congenital Lacrimal Gland Disorders and Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Oculofacial, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery

  • 1376 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter describes the aspects of the lacrimal apparatus that are important to recognize and evaluate in the treatment of the congenital nasolacrimal disorders. A brief discussion of the embryology and anatomy will help guide the surgeon in diagnosis and treatment of congenital lacrimal gland disorders, excretory system disorders, and congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The importance of proper evaluation of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is discussed, as well as the options of nonsurgical and surgical management, including simple probing, monocanalicular or bicanalicular intubation, and balloon dacryoplasty.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yazici B, Yazici Z. Frequency of the common canaliculus: a radiological study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(10):1381–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Crigler LW. The treatment of congenital dacryocystitis. JAMA. 1923;81:23–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hurwitz JJ. In: Hurwitz JJ, editor. The lacrimal system, Embryology of the lacrimal drainage system. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Taylor D, editor. Pediatric ophthalmology. 2nd ed. Lacrimal system. Day S, editor. London: Blackwell; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Burkat CN, Lucarelli MJ. Chapter 1 Anatomy of the lacrimal system. In: Cohen AJ, Mercandetti M, Brazzo BG, editors. The lacrimal system. 2nd ed. Cham: Springer; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Soliman M, Lueder GT. Initial management of congenital canalicular atresia. J AAPOS. 2015;19(3):220–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Shapiro MB, France TD. The ocular features of Down’s syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99(6):659–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Rogister F, Goffart Y, Daele J. Management of congenital dacryocystocele: report of 3 clinical cases. B-ENT. 2016;12(1):83–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ffooks OO. Dacryocystitis in infancy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1962;46(7):422–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Kushner BJ. Congenital nasolacrimal system obstruction. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100(4):597–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Petersen RA, Robb RM. The natural course of congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1978;15(4):246–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lorena SH, Silva JA, Scarpi MJ. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in premature children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013;50(4):239–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Spaniol K, et al. Association between congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and delivery by cesarean section. Am J Perinatol. 2015;32(3):271–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wenger JD. Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease and impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in the United States and Canada. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17(9 Suppl):S132–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Murphy TF, et al. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a pathogen in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(1):43–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ali MJ. Pediatric acute dacryocystitis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;31(5):341–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chhabra MS, Motley WW 3rd, Mortensen JE. Eikenella corrodens as a causative agent for neonatal conjunctivitis. J AAPOS. 2008;12(5):524–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kipp MA, Kipp MA Jr, Struthers W. Anisometropia and amblyopia in nasolacrimal duct obstruction. J AAPOS. 2013;17(3):235–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Saleem AA, et al. Anisometropia and refractive status in children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2018;8(1):31–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Maliborski A, Rozycki R. Diagnostic imaging of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Part I. Radiological anatomy of lacrimal pathways. Physiology of tear secretion and tear outflow. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:628–38.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim YH, et al. Dacryocystocele on prenatal ultrasonography: diagnosis and postnatal outcomes. Ultrasonography. 2015;34(1):51–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Machado MA, et al. Congenital dacryocystocele: diagnosis using ante and post-natal ultrasonography. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2014;77(4):261–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Paul TO, Shepherd R. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: natural history and the timing of optimal intervention. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1994;31(6):362–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator, G. Resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with nonsurgical management. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(6):730–4.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mittelman D. Probing and irrigation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104(8):1125–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Katowitz JA, Welsh MG. Timing of initial probing and irrigation in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthalmology. 1987;94(6):698–705.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. el-Mansoury J, et al. Results of late probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthalmology. 1986;93(8):1052–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Robb RM. Success rates of nasolacrimal duct probing at time intervals after 1 year of age. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(7):1307–9; discussion 1309–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator, G, et al. Primary treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with probing in children younger than 4 years. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(3):577–584 e3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Goldblum TA, et al. Office probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a study of parental satisfaction. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1996;33(4):244–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Good WV. Is anesthesia safe for young children? J AAPOS. 2014;18(6):519–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Le Garrec J, et al. Nasolacrimal duct office probing in children under the age of 12 months: cure rate and cost evaluation. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2016;39(2):171–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Eshraghi B, Jamshidian-Tehrani M, Mirmohammadsadeghi A. Comparison of the success rate between monocanalicular and bicanalicular intubations in incomplete complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Orbit. 2017;36(4):215–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Stager D, et al. Office probing of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthalmic Surg. 1992;23(7):482–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Levin AV, et al. Nasal endoscopy in the treatment of congenital lacrimal sac mucoceles. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(3):255–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Mocan MC, et al. Prognostic value of metal-metal contact during nasolacrimal duct probing. Can J Ophthalmol. 2015;50(4):314–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Albert DL, Lucarelli MJ. Clinical atlas of procedures in ophthalmic and oculofacial surgery. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Schaeffer AR, Gordon RA, Sood SK. Bacteremia following nasolacrimal duct probing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990;31(suppl):610.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Venugopalan P, et al. Low frequency of bacteraemia during eye surgery obviates the need for endocarditis prophylaxis. Eye (Lond). 2001;15(Pt 6):753–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Eippert GA, Burnstine RA, Bates JH. Lacrimal-duct-probing-induced bacteremia: should children with congenital heart defects receive antibiotic prophylaxis? J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1998;35(1):38–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator, G, et al. Repeat probing for treatment of persistent nasolacrimal duct obstruction. J AAPOS. 2009;13(3):306–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Repka MX, et al. Balloon catheter dilation and nasolacrimal duct intubation for treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after failed probing. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(5):633–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Goldstein SM, Goldstein JB, Katowitz JA. Comparison of monocanalicular stenting and balloon dacryoplasty in secondary treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction after failed primary probing. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;20(5):352–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ali MJ, et al. Simple vs complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions: etiology, management and outcomes. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015;5(2):174–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Schnall BM. Pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24(5):421–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Migliori ME, Putterman AM. Silicone intubation for the treatment of congenital lacrimal duct obstruction: successful results removing the tubes after six weeks. Ophthalmology. 1988;95(6):792–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. El-Essawy R. Effect of timing of silicone tube removal on the result of duct intubation in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29(1):48–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Eustis HS, Nguyen AH. The treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children: a retrospective review. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(1):65–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Tao S, et al. Success of balloon catheter dilatation as a primary or secondary procedure for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(11):2108–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Rajabi MT, et al. Bicanalicular versus monocanalicular intubation after failed probing in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Int J Ophthalmol. 2016;9(10):1466–70.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator, G, et al. Primary treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with nasolacrimal duct intubation in children younger than 4 years of age. J AAPOS. 2008;12(5):445–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator, G, et al., Primary treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with balloon catheter dilation in children younger than 4 years of age. J AAPOS, 2008. 12(5): p. 451–5.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Baskin DE, et al. The timing of antibiotic administration in the management of infant dacryocystitis. J AAPOS. 2008;12(5):456–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Barnes EA, Abou-Rayyah Y, Rose GE. Pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(9):1562–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Vanderveen DK, et al. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in children. J AAPOS. 2001;5(3):143–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kominek P, Cervenka S. Pediatric endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a report of 34 cases. Laryngoscope. 2005;115(10):1800–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kominek P, et al. Primary pediatric endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy – a review of 58 procedures. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74(6):661–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Dolmetsch AM, Gallon MA, Holds JB. Nonlaser endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with adjunctive mitomycin C in children. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;24(5):390–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA

    Michael C. Struck

Authors
  1. Michael C. Struck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael C. Struck .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Eyelid and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and MediSpa, Diseases and Surgery of the Orbit & Lacrimal System Neuro-ophthalmology, Glenview/Chicago, IL, USA

    Adam J. Cohen

  2. Oculoplastics, Orbital, and Cosmetic Facial Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, WI, USA

    Cat Nguyen Burkat

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Struck, M.C. (2019). Congenital Lacrimal Gland Disorders and Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction. In: Cohen, A., Burkat, C. (eds) Oculofacial, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14092-2_41

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14092-2_41

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-14090-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-14092-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation