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Feasibility of Microalgal Technologies in Pathogen Removal from Wastewater

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Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Various anthropogenic activities continuously affect the quality of water adversely leading to its transformation into wastewater. The wastewater comprises a wide range of heavy metals, xenobiotic substances, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi, and helminths), and contaminants like organic and inorganic materials from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. Thus, the infelicitous disposal of wastewater into the environment, apart from producing various pollution problems (eutrophication or depletion of oxygen in water bodies), results in public health issues including waterborne diseases. Therefore, treatment of wastewater is imperative. Microalgal cultures render an elegant way out for wastewater treatment as they offer a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially beneficial biomass that can be utilized for various purposes like biofertilizers and biofuel production. Microalgae play a pivotal role, directly or indirectly, in the removal of fecal bacteria from domestic wastewater. Some indirect algae governed modes of pathogen removal include starvation, sedimentation, and photooxidation. Algae-based processes constitute viable and cost-effective biological processes that are capable to eliminate pathogens at a reduced energy cost. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview on the feasibility of application of microalgae in pathogen removal from wastewater. It is focused on mechanisms involved in pathogen removal from wastewater, factors affecting pathogen elimination, and algal technologies feasible for pathogen removal. Lastly, it highlights the utilization of algae grown from the wastewater.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Rouf Ahmad Dar & Nishu Sharma

  2. College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Karamjeet Kaur

  3. Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Urmila Gupta Phutela

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  1. Rouf Ahmad Dar
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  2. Nishu Sharma
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  3. Karamjeet Kaur
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  4. Urmila Gupta Phutela
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Correspondence to Rouf Ahmad Dar .

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  1. Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sanjay Kumar Gupta

  2. Institute for Water and Wastewater Technologies, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

    Faizal Bux

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Dar, R.A., Sharma, N., Kaur, K., Phutela, U.G. (2019). Feasibility of Microalgal Technologies in Pathogen Removal from Wastewater. In: Gupta, S.K., Bux, F. (eds) Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13913-1_12

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