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Improvement, Professionalization, and Geosciences Teaching (1952–1968)

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The Oil of Brazil

Part of the book series: Historical Geography and Geosciences ((HIGEGE))

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Abstract

From the end of the nineteenth century, until the thirties, there were initiatives of technical capacitation through Federal Agencies, which were featured by learning through experience (empirical-practical way) and manuals, as previously mentioned.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “The program had as its initial plan to operate for 20 months but was maintained for 19 years. Its qualification activities began in 1964, executing governmental projects until the year of 1982. It had as a motto to respond to the growth of the industrial park in Brazil with training of labor” (Machado and Garcia 2013: 48).

  2. 2.

    Graduated in Engineering by the Polytechnic School of São Paulo. He acted as a politician, sociologist, and professor (Economic History of Brazil). He was the author of several books, focusing mainly on economic aspects.

  3. 3.

    “[…] the PED proposed to act directly and indirectly to increase liquidity, reduce cost pressure and increase demand, by reducing the pressure that the public sector exerted on productive activity. With this, the government intended to achieve the two basic objectives of this plan: accelerating growth and containing inflation” (Rezende 2010: 56).

  4. 4.

    No bibliographic references were found.

  5. 5.

    He studied geology at the University of California, where he became a Geology professor.

  6. 6.

    “The first ceremony for the end of classes and certificates of specialization in petroleum refining was held on 30 June 1953, and only nine technicians among industrial chemists and engineers obtained the diploma: Tarcisio Barroso, Alfredo Ferraz, Ivan Sá Motta, Ivo de Souza Ribeiro, Ilena Horta Zander, Alberto Boyadijan, Gloria Conceição Klein, Haylson Oddone and José Angrisani” (Caldas 2005: 31).

  7. 7.

    Born in Italy, on 20 December 1920. He entered the National School of Chemistry in 1941, and when he finished his studies in 1944, he went to the United States, where he completed his degree in Chemical Engineering at Vanderbilt University. He began his career at the National Petroleum Council (CNP) in 1947 as a cabinet officer for the president of the CNP, General João Carlos Barreto, and participated in the Commission for the Constitution of the Refinaria Nacional de Petróleo S.A. He was fully involved in the creation of specialization courses in Geology by the Center for Improvement and Petroleum Research (CENAP) and courses at the universities. He was superintendent of CENAP from 1955 to 1962 and from 1964 to 1965, as well as superintendent of the R&D Center Leopoldo A. Miguez de Mello from 1966 to 1980.

  8. 8.

    Born in Alenquer, Pará State, on 01 June 1912. In 1956, he assumed the presidency of Petrobras, where he remained until 9 December 1958. In 1962, he became a federal deputy for the Amapá State, and later he started to dedicate to the private initiative. He passed away in Rio de Janeiro, on 15 October 1984.

  9. 9.

    Born in Rio de Janeiro City on 6 October 1905. Graduated in Engineering in 1931 by the EMOP. He worked as a SGMB engineer, was a special assistant to the president of CNP, headed the Geophysics section of the Division of Mineral Production and was a director of Petrobras twice, from 1954 to 1957 and from 1961 to 1963. He passed away in Rio de Janeiro City, on 8 January 1983.

  10. 10.

    Graduated in Mining and Civil Engineering by the EMOP in 1936. From 1942 he worked as a geologist in the Division of Mineral Production and Petrobras.

  11. 11.

    For more information, see Dias (1991).

  12. 12.

    “In the preparation and improvement of the maritime personnel, cooperation will be sought with the Merchant Marine School of Rio de Janeiro and with the other specialized courses of the Ministry of the Navy and private entities” (Petrobras 1957c: 1).

  13. 13.

    The use of the word “improvement” at this time differs from the initial definition pointed out in this part, generalizing it to the Higher and Secondary Degree. We added that at the moment, and even in the use of some authors, there was no such differentiation, so it will be possible to find, during the text, placements as pointed out now.

  14. 14.

    There is no direct information of whom were part of this group.

  15. 15.

    In this period, Petrobras already relied on 36,048 employees.

  16. 16.

    No biographical information was found about Marc Albo. He is the author of records from Petrobras related to CENPES.

  17. 17.

    Chemical engineer and North American teacher. Consultant for many oil and chemical companies.

  18. 18.

    No bibliographic references were found.

  19. 19.

    No bibliographic references were found.

  20. 20.

    Born on 28 December 1921 in Nanaimo, Canada. Graduated in Chemical Engineering, in mid-fifties he moved to Brazil. He was professor and researcher from CENAP and CENPES. In 1967, left the company, continuing in the chemical research area. He was one of the main responsible for the implementation of the research in Petrobras.

  21. 21.

    Petrobras (1959b).

  22. 22.

    It should be noted that, at that time, there was no technology and machinery that aimed to “soften” the worker’s physical effort. The tools of work were still rudimentary, with the objective not of worker safety and health, but of increasing productivity and, consequently, profits. That is why, when the Consolidation of the Labor Laws (ClT) was approved on 1 May 1943, the objective was to protect women, reserving to it an exclusive chapter entitled “Protection of Women’s Work”. Among the various provisions elaborated in this chapter, the employer was barred from employing the woman in service who demanded the use of muscular force greater than 20 kg for continuous work or 25 kg for occasional work. In other passages, the legislator also made clear the intention to protect the work of women, as occurred in work in underground mines, provided in CLT article 301 that it was only allowed to men aged between 21 and 50 years.

  23. 23.

    Born in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Lange graduated in Economics and Accounting by the Higher Institute of Commerce of Curitiba and specialized in Paleontology at the Paranaense Museum, where he was appointed director. In 1955, he joined Petrobras as a surface geologist, reaching the top position in the Exploration Department in 1960. He pioneered Micropaleontology in Brazil. Published 22 articles.

  24. 24.

    Vitor Leinz stated, in the First Meeting of Geologists in 1966, that CAGE, in São Paulo City “for two or three years provided scholarships in the form of loans. The students signed and committed to return it.” (Encontro de geólogos 1966: 118).

  25. 25.

    Professor of Paleontology at the University of São Paulo—USP.

  26. 26.

    Geologist.

  27. 27.

    In 1958, FRONAPE maintained an office in Salvador, an active operation. On average, 12 domestic and foreign oil tankers arrived monthly.

  28. 28.

    Figures 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18 and 4.19 Belong to the Exploração Na … (S.D.).

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  1. Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Drielli Peyerl

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Peyerl, D. (2019). Improvement, Professionalization, and Geosciences Teaching (1952–1968). In: The Oil of Brazil . Historical Geography and Geosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13884-4_4

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