Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mold disease, has a large number of hosts including dicotyledonous species as grapevine, strawberry, tomato, cucumber, and ornamental flowers. Much research has been conducted to fulfill the inevitable need for developing alternatives to the synthetic fungicides possessing antimicrobial activity and without any potential hazards to the environment. Nanotechnology has recently gained the interest regarding its potentiality to replace the use of fungicides through developing nano-based materials that can be effective against plant diseases and without any significant hazards. In this chapter, we spot the light on common approaches and tools used to control the grey mold disease, along with the recorded data regarding their affectivity and possible hazards. Moreover, we draw the present interest regarding developing more advanced solutions and their future prospects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abbasi PA, Al-Dahmani J, Sahin F, Hoitink HAJ, Miller SA (2002) Effect of compost amendments on disease severity and yield of tomato in conventional and organic production systems. Plant Dis 86:156–161
Abdel-Hafez SI, Nafady NA, Abdel-Rahim IR, Shaltout AM, Daròs JA, Mohamed MA (2016) Assessment of protein silver nanoparticles toxicity against pathogenic Alternaria solani. 3 Biotech 6(2):199
Adebayo O, Dang T, Bélanger A, Khanizadeh S (2013) Antifungal studies of selected essential oils and a commercial formulation against Botrytis cinerea. J Food Res. https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n1p217
Ahlem H, Mohammed E, Badoc A, Ahmed L (2012) Effect of pH, temperature and water activity on the inhibition of Botrytis cinerea by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolates. Afr J Biotechnol 11(9):2210–2217
Al-Mughrabi KI, Berthélémé C, Livingston T, Burgoyne A, Poirier R, Vikram A (2008) Aerobic compost tea, compost and a combination of both reduce the severity of common scab (Streptomyces scabiei) on potato tubers. J Plant Sci 3:168–175
Andrews JH (1992) Biological control in the phyllosphere. Annu Rev Phytopathol 30:603–635
Antonov A, Stewart A, Walter M, Callaghan MO (1997) Inhibition of conidium germination & mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea by natural products. In: Proceedings of the fiftieth New Zealand plant protection conference. Lincoln University, Canterbury, pp 159–164
Arras G, Piga A, Otmani ME (1995) Thymus capitatus essential oil reducing citrus fruit decay. In: Postharvest physiology, pathology & technologies for horticultural commodities: recent advances, Agadir, pp 426–428
Askun T, Tumen G, Satil G, Kilic T (2008) Effects of some Lamiaceae species methanol extracts on potential mycotoxin producer fungi. Pharm Biol 46:688–694
Assunccedil MR, Santiago RR, Langassner SMZ, Svidzinski TIE, Soares LAL (2013) Antifungal activity of medicinal plants from Northeastern Brazil. J Med Plants Res 7(40):3008–3013
Attyia SH, Youssry AA (2001) Application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biocontrol agent against some diseases of Solanaceae caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani. Egypt J Biol 3:79–87
Barbosa TM, Serra CR, La Ragione RM, Woodward MJ, Adriano O, Henriques AO (2005) Screening for Bacillus isolates in the broiler gastro intestinal tract. Appl Envion Microbiol 71:968–978
Barik TK, Sahu B, Swain V (2008) Nanosilica–from medicine to pest control. Parasitol Res 103(2):253–258
Beever RE, Parkes SL (2004) Taxonomic and genetic variation of Botrytis and Botryotinia. In: Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N (eds) Botrytis: biology, pathology and control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 29–52
Bhattacharyya A, Bhaumik A, Rani PU, Mandal S, Epidi TT (2010) Nano–particles–a recent approach to insect pest control. Afr J Biotechnol 9(24):3489–3493
Bhattacharyya A, Datta PS, Chaudhuri P, Barik BR (2011) Nanotechnology: a new frontier for food security in socio economic development. In: Proceeding of disaster, risk and vulnerability conference 2011 held at School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, India in association with the Applied Geoinformatics for Society and Environment, Germany, 12–14 March 2011
Borrero C, Trillas MI, Ordovas J, Tello JC, Aviles M (2004) Predictive factors for the suppression of fusarium wilt of tomato in plant growth media. Phytopathology 94:1094–1101
Bouchra C, Achouri M, Hassani LMI, Hmamouchi M (2003) Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea. J Ethnopharmacol 89:165–169
Boyraz N, Özcan M (2005) Antifungal effect of some spice hydrosols. Fitoterapia 76:661–665
Buck JW (2004) Combinations of fungicides with phylloplane yeasts for improved control of Botrytis cinerea on geranium seedlings. Phytopathology 94:196–202
Burt S (2004) Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods–a review. Int J Food Microbiol 94:223–253
Caccioni DRL, Gardini F, Lanciotti R, Guerzoni ME (1997) Antifungal activity of natural volatile compounds in relation to their vapour pressure. Sci Aliment 17:21–34
Calvo J, Calvente V, Orellano ME, Benuzzi D, Tosetti MIS (2007) Biological control of postharvest spoilage caused by Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea in apple by using the bacterium Rahnella aquatilis. Int J Food Microbiol 113:251–257
Campbell R (1989) Biological control of plant pathogens. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Campos-Requenaa VH, Rivasa BL, Péreza MA, Figueroaa CR, Figueroab NE, Sanfuentes EA (2017) Thermoplastic starch/clay nanocomposites loaded with essential oil constituents as packaging for strawberries in vivo antimicrobial synergy over Botrytis cinerea. Postharvest Biol Technol 129:29–36
Card S, Jaspers M, Walter M, Sztejnberg A, Stewart A (2003) Biological control of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry. In: Botrytis workshop, 8th international congress of plant pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand. abstract, p 42
Card S, Jaspers M, Walter M, Sztejnberg A, Stewart A (2004) Biological control of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry by the antagonistic fungus, Trichoderma atroviride (LU132). In: Thirteenth international botrytis symposium, Antalya. abstract, p 64
Castoria R, De Curtis F, Lima G, Caputo L, Pacifico S, De Cicco V (2001) Aureobasidium pullulans (LS–30) an antagonist of postharvest pathogens of fruits: study on its modes of action. Postharvest Biol Technol 22:7–17
Chanchaichaovivat A, Ruenwongsa P, Panijpan B (2007) Screening and identification of yeast strains from fruits and vegetables: potential for biological control of postharvest chilli anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici). Biol Control 42:326–335
Choudhury SR, Nair KK, Kumar R, Gogoi R, Srivastava C, Gopal M, Subramanium BS, Devakumar C, Goswami A (2010) Nanosulfur: potent fungicide against food pathogen, Aspergillus niger. Inst Phys Conf Proc 1276:154
Chu CL, Liu WT, Zhou T, Tsao R (1999) Control of post–harvest grey mold rot of modified atmosphere packaged sweet cherries by fumigation with thymol and acetic acid. Can J Plant Sci 79:686–689
Cioffi N, Torsi L, Ditaranto N, Sabbatini L, Zambonin PG, Tantillo G, Ghibelli L, D’Alessio M, Blev-Zacheo T, Traversa E (2004) Antifungal activity of polymer–based copper nano–composite coatings. Appl Phys Lett 85:2417–2419
Collinge DB, Kragh KM, Mikkelsen JD, Nielsen KK, Rasmussen U, Vad K (1993) Plant chitinase. Plant J 3:1–40
Copping LG, Menn JJ (2000) Biopesticides: a review of their action, application and efficacy. Pest Manag Sci 56:651–676
Corbo MR, Lanciotti R, Gardini F et al (2000) Effects of hexanal, trans–2–hexenal, and storage temperature on shelf life of fresh sliced apples. J Agric Food Chem 48:2401–2408
Cotxarrera L, Trillas MI, Steinberg C, Alabouvette C (2002) Use of sewage sludge compost and Trichoderma asperellum isolates to suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato. Soil Biol Biochem 34:467–476
Davidson PM, Naidu AS (2000) Phyto–phenols. In: Naidu AS (ed) Natural food antimicrobial system. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 265–294
de Lorena Ramos-García M, Bautista-Baños S, Barrera-Necha LL, Bosquez-Molina E, Alia-Tejacal I, Estrada-Carrillo M (2010) Antimicrobial compounds added in edible coatings for use in horticultural products. Mex J Phytopathol 28:44–57
de Senna A, Lathrop A (2017) Antifungal screening of bioprotective isolates against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium pallidoroseum and Fusarium moniliforme. Fermentation 3:53
Dean R, Van Kan JAL, Pretorius ZA, Hammond-Kosack KE, Di Pietro A, Spanu PD, Rudd JJ, Dickman M, Kahmann R, Ellis J (2012) The top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 13:414–430
Delaney TP, Uknes S, Vernooij B, Friedrich L, Weymann K, Negrotto D et al (1994) A central role of salicylic acid in plant–disease resistance. Science 266:1247–1250
Derbalah AS, Elkot GA, Hamza AM (2012) Laboratory evaluation of botanical extracts, microbial culture filtrates and silver nanoparticles against Botrytis cinerea. Ann Microbiol 62:1331–1337
Dhall RK (2013) Advances in edible coatings for fresh fruits and vegetables: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 53:435–450
Dinh SQ, Joyce DC, Irving DE, Wearing AH (2008) Effects of multiple applications of chemical elicitors on Botrytis cinerea infecting Geraldton waxflower. Australas Plant Pathol 37:87–94
Dixit SN, Chandra H, Tiwari R, Dixit V (1995) Development of botanical fungicide against blue mold of mandarins. J Stored Prod Res 31:165–172
Droby S, Wisniewski ME, Macarisin D, Wilson C (2009) Twenty years of postharvest biocontrol research: is it time for a new paradigm? Postharvest Biol Technol 52:137–145
Durrant WE, Dong X (2004) Systemic acquired resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol 42:185–209
Edwards SG, McKay T, Seddon B (1994) Interaction of Bacillus species with phytopathogenic fungi – methods of analysis & manipulation for biocontrol purposes. In: Blakeman J, Williamson B (eds) Ecology of plant pathogens. BiddIes Ltd, Guildford, pp 101–118
Elad Y, Stewart A (2004) Microbial control of Botrytis spp. In: Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N (eds) Botrytis: biology, pathology and control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 223–241
Elad Y, Barbul O, Nitzani Y, David DR, Zveibil A, Maimon M, Freeman S (2001) Inter– & Intra– species variation in biocontrol activity. In: Proceedings of the 5th congress of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology, Taorminai/Giardini-Naxos, Sicily, pp 474–478
Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N (2004) Botrytis spp. and diseases they cause in agricultural systems – an introduction. In: Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N (eds) Botrytis: biology, pathology and control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Elchiguerra JL, Burt JL, Morones JR, Camacho-Bragado A, Gao X, Lara HH, Yacaman MJ (2005) Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV–1. J Nanobiotechnol 3:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477–3155–3–6
El-Tarabily KA, Sivasithamparam K (2006) Potential of yeasts as biocontrol agents of soil–borne fungal plant pathogens and as plant growth promoters. Mycoscience 47:25–35
Esteban-Tejeda L, Malpartida F, Pecharroman C, Moya JS (2010) High antibacterial and antifungal activity of silver monodispersed nanoparticles embedded in a glassy matrix. Adv Eng Mater 12(7):B292–B297
Fagundes C, Pérez-Gago MB, Monteiro AR, Palou L (2013) Antifungal activity of food additives in vitro and as ingredients of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose–lipid edible coatings against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata on cherry tomato fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 166:391–398
Fallik E, Grinberg S, Ziu O (1997) Potassium bicarbonate reduces postharvest decay development on bell pepper fruit. J Hortic Sci 72:35–41
Fernandez Acero FJ, Carbú M, El-Akhal MR, Garrido C, González-Rodríguez VE, Cantoral JM (2011) Development of proteomics-based fungicides: new strategies for environmentally friendly control of fungal plant diseases. Int J Mol Sci 12:795–816
Fernández E, Segarra G, Trillas M (2014) Physiological effects of the induction of resistance by compost or Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 against Botrytis cinerea in tomato. Biol Control 78:77–85
Fernández-Ortuño D, Chen F, Schnabel G (2013) Resistance to cyprodinil and lack of fludioxonil resistance in Botrytis cinerea isolates from strawberry in North and South Carolina. Plant Dis 97:81–85
Fernandez-Ortuño D, Antonio Tores J, Chamorro M, Perez-Garcia A, de Vicente A (2016) Characterization of resistance to six chemical classes of site-specific fungicides registered for gray mold control on strawberry in Spain. Plant Dis 100:2234–2239
Fokkema NJ (1993) Opportunities & problems of control of foliar pathogens with microorganisms. Pestic Sci 57:411–416
Gakuubi MM, Maina AW, Wagacha JM (2017) Antifungal activity of essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. against selected Fusarium spp. Int J Microbiol 2017:8761610
Gangemi S, Miozzi E, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, De Luca A, Alibrando C, Polito I, Libra M (2016) Occupational exposure to pesticides as a possible risk factor for the development of chronic diseases in humans. Mol Med Rep 14:4475–4488
Gao P, Qin J, Li D, Zhou S (2018) Inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of a Pseudomonas strain QBA5 against gray mold on tomato leaves and fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea. PLoS One 13(1):e0190932
Girard IJ, Mcloughlin AG, de Kievit TR, Fernando DW, Belmonte MF (2016) Integrating large-scale data and RNA technology to protect crops from fungal pathogens. Front Plant Sci 7:631. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00631
Giraud T, Fortini DCCL, Leroux P, Brygoo Y (1997) RFLP markers show genetic re–combination in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) and transposable elements reveal two sympatric species. Mol Biol Evol 14:1177–1185
Gopal M, Chaudhary SR, Roy I, Pradhan S, Srivastava C, Gogoi R, Kumar R, Goswami A (2011) Indian Patent Appl No. 2051/DEL/2011 filed 21/07/2011
Guinebretiere MH, Nguyen-The C, Morrison M, Reich M, Nicot P (2000) Isolation & characterization of antagonists for the biocontrol of the postharvest wound pathogen Botrytis cinerea on strawberry fruits. J Food Prot 63:386–394
Hao Y, Cao X, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhao N, Ali A, Hou T, Xiang Z, Zhuang J, Wu S, Xing B (2017) Potential applications and antifungal activities of engineered nanomaterials against gray mold disease agent Botrytis cinerea on rose petals. Front Plant Sci 8:1332. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01332
Hoitink HAJ, Stone AG, Han DY (1997) Suppression of plant diseases by composts. HortScience 32:184–187
Horst LE, Locke J, Krause CR, McMahon RW, Madden LV, Hoitink HAJ (2005) Suppression of Botrytis blight of Begonia by Trichoderma hamatum 382 in peat and compost–amended potting mixes. Plant Dis 89:1195–1200
Hua L, Yong C, Zhanquan Z, Boqiang L, Guozheng Q, Shiping T (2018) Pathogenic mechanisms and control strategies of Botrytis cinerea causing postharvest decay in fruits and vegetables. Food Qual Safety 2(3):111–119
Hwang ET, Lee JH, Chae Y, Kim YS, Kim BC, Sang BI, Gu MB (2008) Analysis of the toxic mode of action of silver nanoparticles using stress–specific bioluminescent bacteria. Small 4:746–750
Janisiewicz WJ (2009) Quo vadis of biological control of postharvest diseases. In: Prusky D, Gullino ML (eds) Post–harvest pathology plant pathology in the 21st century, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 137–148
Janisiewicz WJ, Korsten L (2002) Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits. Annu Rev Phytopathol 40:411–441
Jo YK, Kim BH, Jung G (2009) Antifungal activity of silver ions and nanoparticles on phytopathogenic fungi. Plant Dis 93:1037–1043
Joseph T, Morrison M (2006) Nanotechnology in agriculture and food: a nanoforum report. www.nanoforum.org. Accessed 19 Nov 2011
Karaoglanidis G, Luo Y, Michailides T (2011) Competitive ability and fitness of Alternaria alternata isolates resistant to Qi fungicides. Plant Dis 95(2):178–182
Keurulainen L, Salin OA, Siiskonen J (2010) Design and synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles and evaluation of their inhibitory effect against Chlamydia pneumoniae. Med Chem 53:7664
Khot LR, Sankaran S, Maja JM, Ehsani R, Schuster EW (2012) Applications of nanomaterials in agricultural production and crop protection: a review. Crop Prot 35:64–70
Kim S, Kim K, Lamsal K, Kim Y, Kim S, Jung M, Sim S, Kim H, Chang S, Kim J, Lee Y (2009) An in vitro study of the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles on OakWilt pathogen Raffaelea sp. J Microbiol Biotechnol 19:760–764
Kim JO, Shin JH, Gumilang A, Chung K, Choi KY, Kim KS (2016) Effectiveness of different classes of fungicides on Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold on fruit and vegetables. Plant Pathol J 32(6):570
Kinay P, Yildiz M (2008) The shelf life and effectiveness of granular formulations of Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Pichia guilliermondii yeast isolates that control postharvest decay of citrus fruit. Biol Control 45:433–440
Knop K, Richard H, Fischer D, Schubert US (2010) Poly(ethylene glycol) in drug delivery: pros and cons as well as potential alternatives. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:6288
Kolaei EA, Cenatus C, Tweddell RJ, Avis TJ (2013) Antifungal activity of aluminium–containing salts against the development of carrot cavity spot and potato dry rot. Ann Appl Biol 163:311–317
Koné SB, Dionne A, Tweddell RJ, Antoun H, Avis TJ (2010) Suppressive effect of non–aerated compost teas on foliar fungal pathogens of tomato. Biol Control 52:167–173
Krishnaraj C, Ramachandran R, Mohan K, Kalaichelvan PT (2012) Optimization for rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its effect on phytopathogenic fungi. Spectrochim Acta 93:95–99
Kubicek CP, Starr TL, Glass NL (2014) Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and their secretion in plant-pathogenic fungi. Annu Rev Phytopathol 52:427–451
Kumar R, Nair KK, Alam MI, Gogoi R, Singh PK, Srivastava C, Yadav S, Gopal M, Chaudhary SR, Pradhan S, Goswami A (2011) A simple method for estimation of sulphur in nanoformulations by UV spectrometry. Curr Sci 100:1542–1546
Kupferman EA (1998) Postharvest chemicals applied to pears: a survey of pear packers in Washington Oregon and California. Tree Fruit Postharvest J 9:3–24
Lanthier M (2007) Compost tea and its impact on plant diseases. BC Org Grower 10:7–11
Latorre BA, Spadaro I, Rioja ME (2002) Occurrence of resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea to anilinopyrimidine fungicides in table grapes in Chile. Crop Prot 21:957–961
Legard DE, Mertely JC, Xiao CL, Chandler CK, Duval JR, Price JP (2000) Cultural and chemical control of Botrytis fruit rot of strawberry in annual winter production systems. Acta Hortic 567:651–654
Leifert C, Li H, Chidburee S, Hampson S, Workman S, Sigee D, Epton HAS, Harbour A (1995) Antibiotic production & biocontrol activity by Bacillus subtilis CL27 & Bacillus pumilus CL45. J Appl Bacteriol 78:97–108
Leroux P (2004) Chemical control of Botrytis and its resistance to chemical fungicides. In: Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N (eds) Botrytis: biology, pathology and control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 195–222
Leroux P, Fritz R, Debieu D, Albertini C, Lanen C, Bach J, Gredt M, Chapeland F (2002) Mechanisms of resistance to fungicides in field strains of Botrytis cinerea. Pest Manag Sci 58(9):876–888
Li ZZ, Chen JF, Liu F, Liu AQ, Wang Q, Sun HY, Wen LX (2007) Study of UV–shielding properties of novel porous hollow silica nanoparticle carriers for avermectin. Pest Manag Sci 63:241–246
Li R, Zhang H, Liu W, Zheng Z (2011) Biocontrol of postharvest gray and blue mold decay of apples with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and possible mechanisms of action. Int J Food Microbiol 146:151–156
Li B, Wang W, Zong Y, Qin G, Tian S (2012) Exploring pathogenic mechanisms of Botrytis cinerea secretome under different ambient pH based on comparative proteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 11:4249–4260
Lima G, Ippolito A, Nigro F, Salerno M (1997) Effectiveness of Aureobasidium pullulans and Candida oleophila against postharvest strawberry rots. Postharvest Biol Technol 10:169–178
Lima G, Arru S, De Curtis F, Arras G (1999) Influence of antagonist, host fruit and pathogen on the biological control of postharvest fungal diseases by yeasts. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 23:223–229
Lin CA (2007) Size matters: regulating nanotechnology. Harv Environ Law Rev 31:350–407
Line M, Ramona Y (2003) The making of compost teas e the next generation? (Australia). Biocycle 44:55
Litterick AM, Harrier L, Wallace P, Watson CA, Wood M (2004) The role of uncomposted materials, composts, manures, and compost extracts in reducing pest and disease incidence and severity in sustainable temperate agricultural and horticultural crop production e a review. Crit Rev Plant Sci 23:453–379
Liu HM, Guo JH, Luo L, Liu P, Wang BQ, Cheng YJ, Deng BX, Long CA (2010a) Improvement of Hanseniaspora uvarum biocontrol activity against gray mold by the addition of ammonium molybdate and the possible mechanisms involved. Crop Prot 29:277–282
Liu HM, Guo JH, Cheng YJ, Luo L, Liu P, Wang BQ, Deng BX, Long CA (2010b) Control of gray mold of grape by Hanseniaspora uvarum and its effects on postharvest quality parameters. Ann Microbiol 60:31–35
Liu P, Luo L, Long CA (2013) Characterization of competition for nutrients in the biocontrol of Penicillium italicum by Kloeckera apiculata. Biol Control 67:157–162
Lucera A, Costa C, Conte A, Del Nobile MA (2012) Food applications of natural antimicrobial compounds. Front Microbiol 3:287
Malarkodi C, Rajeshkumar S, Paulkumar K, Vanaja M, Gnanajobitha G, Annadurai G (2014) Biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity of semiconductor nanoparticles against oral pathogens. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2014:1–10
Manso T, Nunes C (2011) Metschnikowia andauensis as new biocontrol agent of fruit postharvest diseases. Postharvest Biol Technol 61:67–71
Martinez F, Blancard D, Lecomte P, Levis C, Dubos B, Fermaud M (2003) Phenotypic differences between vacuma and transposa subpopulations of Botrytis cinerea. Eur J Plant Pathol 109:479–488
Matsson M, Hederstedt L (2001) The carboxin–binding site on Paracoccus denitrificans succinate: quinone reductase identified by mutations. J Bioenerg Biomembr 33:99–105
Mbili NC, Opara UL, Lennox CL, Vries FA (2017) Citrus and lemongrass essential oils inhibit Botrytis cinerea on ‘Golden Delicious’,‘Pink Lady’and ‘Granny Smith’ apples. J Plant Dis Prot 124(5):499–511
Meyer DG, Bigirimana J, Elad Y, Hofte M (1998) Induced systemic resistance in Trichoderma harzianum T39 biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea. Eur J Plant Pathol 104:279–286
Mobinikhaledi A, Foroughifar N, Kalhor M, Mirabolfathy M (2010) Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel 2-benzimidazolylimino-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones. J Heterocyclic Chem 47:77–80
Mohamed MA, Abd-Elsalam KA (2018) Nanoantimicrobials for plant pathogens control: potential applications and mechanistic aspects. In: Nanobiotechnology applications in plant protection. Springer, Cham, pp 87–109
Mohammadi M, Kazemi H (2002) Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance. Am J Plant Sci 162:491–498
Mohammadi A, Hashemi M, Hosseini SM (2015) Nanoencapsulation of Zataria multiflora essential oil preparation and characterization with enhanced antifungal growth for controlling Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mould disease. Food Sci Emerg Technol 14:78–84
Moline H, Hubbard JE, Karns JS, Buyer JS, Cohen JD (1999) Selective isolation of bacterial antagonists of Botrytis cinerea. Eur J Plant Pathol 105:95–101
Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri JB, Ramirez JT, Yacaman MJ (2005) The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. NanoBiotechnology 16:2346–2353
Moussa SH, Tayel AA, Alsohim AS, Abdallah RR (2013) Botryticidal growth of nanosized silver–chitosan composite and its application for the control of gray mold in strawberry. J Food Sci 78:1589–1594
Musarrat J, Dwivedi S, Singh BR, Al-Khedhairy AA, Azam A, Naqvi A (2010) Production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in water extracts of the fungus Amylomyces rouxii strain KSU–09. Bioresour Technol 101:8772–8776
Nallya MC, Pescea VM, Maturanoa YP, Muñoze CJ, Combinab M, Toroa ME, Castellanos de Figueroa LI, Vazqueza F (2012) Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in table grapes by non–pathogenic indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts isolated from viticultural environments in Argentina. Postharvest Biol Technol 64:40–48
Nigro F, Schena L, Ligorio A, Pentimone I, Ippolito A, Salerno MG (2006) Control of table grape storage rots by pre–harvest applications of salts. Postharvest Biol Technol 42:142–149
Noble R, Coventry E (2005) Suppression of soil–borne plant diseases with composts: a review. Biocontrol Sci Tech 15:3–20
Oh SD, Lee S, Choi SH, Lee IS, Lee YM, Chun JH, Park HJ (2006) Synthesis of Ag and Ag–SiO2 nanoparticles by у–irradiation and their antibacterial and antifungal efficiency against Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium and Botrytis cinerea. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 275:228–233
On A, Wong F, Ko Q, Tweddell RJ, Antoun H, Avis TJ (2015) Antifungal effects of compost tea microorganisms on tomato pathogens. Biol Control 80:63–69
Palmer CL, Horst RK, Langhans RW (1997) Use of bicarbonates to inhibit in vitro colony growth of Botrytis cinerea. Plant Dis 81:1432–1438
Pane C, Celano G, Villecco D, Zaccardelli M (2012) Control of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata and Pyrenochaeta lycopersici on tomato with whey compost–tea applications. Crop Prot 38:80–86
Park HJ, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Choi SH (2006) A new composition of nanosized silica silver for control of various plant diseases. Plant Pathol J 22:295–302
Patrice RE, Le Floch G, Benhamou N, Salerno MI, Thuillier E, Tirilly Y (2005) Interactions between the mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum and two types of sclerotia of plant-pathogenic fungi. Mycol Res 109(7):779–788
Percival SL, Bowler PG, Russell D (2005) Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care. J Hosp Infect 60:1–7
Pfender WF (1996) Microbial interactions preventing fungal growth on senescent & necrotic aerial plant surfaces. In: Aerial plant surface microbiology. Plenum Press, New York, pp 125–138
Plotto A, Roberts RG, Roberts DD (2003) Evaluation of plant essential oils as natural postharvest disease control of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Acta Hortic 628:737–745
Ponce AG, Roura SI, del Valle CE, Moreira MR (2008) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of edible coatings enriched with natural plant extracts: in vitro and in vivo studies. Postharvest Biol Technol 49:294–300
Puškárová A, Bučková M, Kraková L, Pangallo D, Kozics K (2017) The antibacterial and antifungal activity of six essential oils and their cyto/genotoxicity to human HEL 12469 cells. Sci Rep 7(1):8211
Qin X, Xiao H, Xue C, Yu Z, Yang R, Cai Z, Si L (2015) Biocontrol of gray mold in grapes with the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum alone and in combination with salicylic acid or sodium bicarbonate. Postharvest Biol Technol 100:160–167
Rai M, Ingle A (2012) Role of nanotechnology in agriculture with special reference to management of insect pests. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 94(2):287–293
Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A (2009) Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv 27:76–83
Reichlinga J, Schnitzlerb P, Suschkea U, Sallerc R (2009) Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties – an overview. Forsch Komplementmed 16:9–90
Robledo N, Vera P, López L, Yazdani-Pedram M, Tapia C, Abugoch L (2018) Thymol nanoemulsions incorporated in quinoa protein/chitosan edible films; antifungal effect in cherry tomatoes. Food Chem 246:211–219
Rodríguez-González V, Domínguez-Espíndola RB, Casas-Flores S, Patrón-Soberano OA, Camposeco-Solis R, Lee SW (2016) Antifungal nanocomposites inspired by titanate nanotubes for complete inactivation of Botrytis cinerea isolated from tomato infection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:31625–31637
Rosslenbroich HJ, Stuebler D (2000) Botrytis cinerea—history of chemical control and novel fungicides for its management. Crop Prot 19:557–561
Sales MD, Costa HB, Fernandes PM, Ventura JA, Meira DD (2016) Antifungal activity of plant extracts with potential to control plant pathogens in pineapple. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 6(1):26–31
Sánchez-Gonzáles L, Vargas M, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A, Cháfer M (2011) Use of essential oils in bioactive edible coatings. Food Eng Rev 3:1–16
Schena L, Ippolito A, Zahavi T, Cohen L, Nigro F, Droby S (1999) Genetic diversity and biocontrol activity of Aureobasidium pullulans isolates against postharvest rots. Postharvest Biol Technol 17:189–199
Scheuerell SJ, Mahaffee WF (2002) Compost tea: principles and prospects for plant disease control. Compost Sci Util 10:313–338
Schnabel G, Amiri A, Brannen PM (2012) Field kit– and internet–supported fungicide resistance monitoring. In: Thind TS (ed) Fungicide resistance in crop protection: risk and management. CABI, Oxfordshire, pp 116–132
Schumacher J (2017) How light affects the life of Botrytis. Fungal Genet Biol 106:26–41
Scrinis G, Lyons K (2007) The emerging nano–corporate paradigm nanotechnology and the transformation of nature, food and agrifood systems. Int J Sociol Agric Food 15(2):22–44
Segarra G, Casanova E, Borrero C, Avilés M, Trillas MI (2007) The suppressive effects of composts used as growth media against Botrytis cinerea in cucumber plants. Eur J Plant Pathol 117:393–402
Sellamuthu PS, Sivakumar D, Soundy P, Korsten L (2013) Enhancing the defence related and antioxidant enzymes activities in avocado cultivars with essential oil vapours. Postharvest Biol Technol 81:66–72
Sergeeva V, Nair NG, Verdana JR, Shen C, Barchia I, Spooner-Hart R (2002) First report of anilinopyrimidine resistant phenotypes in Botrytis cinerea on grapevines in Australia. Australas Plant Pathol 31:299–300
Shao W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lv C, Chen C (2016) BcMtg2 is required for multiple stress tolerance, vegetative development and virulence in Botrytis cinerea. Sci Rep 6:28673
Sivropoulou A, Papanikolaou E, Nikolaou C, Kokkini S, Lanaras T, Arsenakis M (1996) Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Origanum essential oils. J Agric Food Chem 44(5):1202–1205
Sondi I, Sondi BS (2004) Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram–negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 275:177–182
Soylu EM, Kurt S, Soylu S (2010) In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato grey mould disease agent Botrytis cinerea. Int J Food Microbiol 143(3):183–189
Spadaro D, Gullino ML (2005) State of the art and future prospects of biological control of postharvest fruit diseases. Int J Food Microbiol 91:185–194
Spotts RA, Sanderson PG, Lennox CL, Sugar D, Cervantes LA (1998) Wounding, wound healing and staining of mature pear fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 13:27–36
Stević T, Berić T, Šavikin K, Soković M, Gođevac D, Dimkić I, Stanković S (2014) Antifungal activity of selected essential oils against fungi isolated from medicinal plant. Ind Crop Prod 55:116–122
Storz G, Imlay JA (1999) Oxidative stress. Curr Opin Microbiol 2:188–194
Suhartono D (2015) Preparation of chitosan material and its antifungal activity for bamboo. Int J Sci Res 6:1586–1590
Suppakul P, Miltz J, Sonneveld K, Bigger SW (2003) Antimicrobial properties of basil and its possible application in food packaging. J Agric Food Chem 51:3197–3207
Sutton JC, Peng G (1993) Manipulation & vectoring of biocontrol organisms to manage foliage & fruit diseases in cropping systems. Annu Rev Phytopathol 31:473–493
Svahn KS, Göransson U, El-Seedi H, Bohlin L, Larsson DJ, Olsen B, Chryssanthou E (2012) Antimicrobial activity of filamentous fungi isolated from highly antibiotic-contaminated river sediment. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2(1):11591
Swadling IR, Jeffries P (1998) Antagonistic properties of two bacterial biocontrol agents of grey mould disease. Biocontrol Sci Tech 8:439–448
Sztanke K, Tuzimski T, Rzymowska J, Pasternak K, Kandefer-Szerszeń M (2008) Synthesis, determination of the lipophilicity, anticancer and antimicrobial properties of some fused 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 43(2):404–419
Tadesse M, Steiner U, Hindorf H, Dehne HW (2003) Bryophyte extracts with activity against plant pathogenic fungi. Ethiop J Sci 26:55–62
Toral L, Rodríguez M, Béjar V, Sampedro I (2018) Antifungal activity of lipopeptides from Bacillus XT1 CECT 8661 against Botrytis cinerea. Front Microbiol 9:1315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01315
Tzortzakis NG (2007a) Maintaining postharvest quality of fresh produce with volatile compounds. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 8:111–116
Tzortzakis NG (2007b) Methyl jasmonate–induced suppression of anthracnose rot in tomato fruit. Crop Prot 26:1507–1513
U.S. EPA (2011) Exposure factors handbook 2011 edition (final report). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R–09/052F
Valencia-Chamorro SA, Palou L, del Río MA, Pérez-Gago MB (2011) Antimicrobial edible films and coatings for fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 51:872–900
Van Kan JA (2006) Licensed to kill: the lifestyle of a necrotrophic plant pathogen. Trends Plant Sci 11:247–253
Van Loon LC, Rep M, Pieterse CMJ (2006) Significance of inducible defense–related proteins in infected plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44:135–162
Verhagen BWM, Glazebrook J, Zhu T, Chang HS, Van Loon LC, Pieterse CMJ (2004) The transcriptome of rhizobacteria–induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 17:895–908
Wang Y, Yu T, Xia J, Yu D, Wang J, Zheng X (2010) Biocontrol of postharvest gray mold of cherry tomatoes with the marine yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum. Biol Control 53:178–182
Wang XJ, Min CL, Yang Y (2015) Isolation of actinomycete DF02 from composting and its application in biological control of Botrytis cinerea. J Chin Med Mater 38(8):1566–1670
Wang X, Glawe DA, Kramer E, Weller D, Okubara PA (2018) Biological control of Botrytis cinerea: interactions with native vineyard yeasts from Washington State. Phytopathology 108(6):691–701
Wilson CL, Wisniewski ME (1989) Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables: an emerging technology. Annu Rev Phytopathol 27:425–441
Wilson CL, Wisniewski ME (eds) (1994) Biological control of postharvest diseases: theory and practice. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Wood RKS (1951) The control of diseases of lettuce by the use of antagonistic microorganisms. 1. The control of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ann Appl Biol 38:203–216
Yildirim I, Yapici BM (2007) Inhibition of conidia germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea by some alternative chemicals. Pak J Biol Sci 10:1294–1300
Youssef K, Roberto SR (2014) Applications of salt solutions before and after harvest affect the quality and incidence of postharvest gray mold of ‘Italia’ table grapes. Postharvest Biol Technol 87:95–102
Zahir AA, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Elango G, Rahuman AA (2012) Efficacy of plant–mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles against Sitophilus oryzae. J Biopest 288(Suppl 5):95–102
Zhang W, Han DY, Dick WA, Davis KR, Hoitink HAJ (1998) Compost and compost water extract–induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumber and Arabidopsis. Phytopathology 88:450–455
Zhang D, Spadaro D, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML (2010) Efficacy of the antagonist Aureobasidium pullulans PL5 against postharvest pathogens of peach, apple and plum and its modes of action. Biol Control 54:172–180
Zhou T, Schneider KE, Li X (2008) Development of biocontrol agents from food microbial isolates for controlling post– harvest peach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola. Int J Food Microbiol 126:180–185
Znini M, Cristofari G, Majidi L, Mazouz H, Tomi P, Paolini J et al (2011) Antifungal activity of essential oil from Asteriscus graveolens against postharvest phytopathogenic fungi in apples. Nat Prod Commun 6:1763–1768
Acknowledgment
This research was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), Joint Egypt (STDF)-South Africa (NRF) Scientific Cooperation, Grant ID. 27837 to Kamel Abd-Elsalam.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gabal, E., Amal-Asran, Mohamed, M.A., Abd-Elsalam, K.A. (2019). Botrytis Gray Mold Nano- or Biocontrol: Present Status and Future Prospects. In: Abd-Elsalam, K., Prasad, R. (eds) Nanobiotechnology Applications in Plant Protection. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13296-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13296-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-13295-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-13296-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)