Abstract
In this analysis, the development of a security- and control-oriented—technocratic—penal rationality is assessed in light of the welfare culture crisis. This penal rationality has been expressed through the increased use of punitive institutional strategies and community sanctions. This movement is opposed to the notion of socialising interventions, in which the right to socialisation is reinterpreted according to the contractualist perspective. According to this perspective, inmates are held to be accountable for their own socialisation, thus underscoring the uncompromising preservation of the non-coercive character of the new right to socialisation.
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Notes
- 1.
On this movement of socialization and its meaning, Miranda Rodrigues (2002), p. 29s (and bibliography cited there).
- 2.
Recommendation no. R (87) 3 on the European Prison Rules, revised by Recommendation Rec (2006) 2.
- 3.
Beck defined the ‘society of risk’ as that which, together with the progress of civilization, provides a counter to the production of new natural hazards, such as environmental or nuclear hazards. Today, as Beck himself points out, the list of ‘risks’ might be expanded to include occupational hazards (precariousness, labor flexibility and redundancy); health and food risks (contamination, adulteration, transgenic, animal pests); risks arising from high accident rates (occupational accidents and accidents); risks of psychic-emotional discomforts and ‘consumption pathologies’ (anorexias and bulimias) (Beck & Willms, 2003, p. 34).
- 4.
On this from a general perspective, cf. Miranda Rodrigues and Machado (2016), p. 109s; Specifically, in the political-criminal sphere, cf. Miranda Rodrigues (2003), p. 207s; And “Trafficking in human beings - criminal politics or international security?” Studies in Homage to Prof. Manuel da Costa Andrade, in the process of publication.
- 5.
On the phenomenon of globalization, in what follows, Miranda Rodrigues (2017).
- 6.
- 7.
See, on the subject, Rosanvallon (1995), passim (especially, pp. 75f.).
- 8.
Lawrence Mead theorized the new social philosophy that supported the concept and argued that the mistake of social programs was that they offered financial help without compensation. The proposal was to link public aid to a job duty. See, by the author, Beyond Entitlement. The Social Obligations of Citizenship, New York, Free Press, 1986; And The New Politics of Poverty. The Nonworking Poor in America; New York, Basic Books, 1992.
- 9.
Cf. Pierre Rosanvallon, La nueva cuestión social.cit., p. 169.
- 10.
On these programs, cf. Pierre Rosanvallon, La nueva cuestión social.cit., p. 203.
- 11.
Thus, respectively, Murray (1988), Notes 22 and 23.
- 12.
Interesting in this regard, as regards the Minimum Income of Insertion, in France, is the analysis of Donzelot (1991).
- 13.
Pierre Rosanvallon, La nueva cuestión social.cit., p. 171s. (p. 172).
- 14.
Pierre Rosanvallon, La nueva cuestión social.cit., p. 165.
- 15.
- 16.
The reference is to Braithwaite (2000), p. 222s.
- 17.
- 18.
The expression is used by Inaki Rivera Beiras, “Prologo”, Giacoia and Hammerschmidt (2012), p. 9.
- 19.
On this, cf. Miranda Rodrigues (2006), p. 49s.
- 20.
Cf. Miranda Rodrigues (2013), and Jean-Paul Céré, ‘The surpopulation carcérale between contractors européennes et réalité française’, ibidem.
- 21.
Cf., Miranda Rodrigues (2003), p. 216s.
- 22.
Cf Anabela Miranda Rodrigues, “L’éxécution de la peine privative de liberte. Problèmes de politique criminelle”, cit., p. 51.
- 23.
The report was presented in Rome and is the responsibility of Maculan, Ronco, and Vianello (2013).
- 24.
Cf. Prison in Europe, cit., p. 53 e 54.
- 25.
Cf. Prison in Europe, p. 53.
- 26.
Cf. Prison in Europe, pp. 54 and 55.
- 27.
Cf. Prison in Europe, p. 55.
- 28.
Cf. Prison in Europe, p. 55.
- 29.
Cf. Prison in Europe, p. 54.
- 30.
Cf. Pierre Rosanvallon, La nueva cuestión social, cit., p. 189.
- 31.
Cf., Pierre Rosanvallon, La nueva cuestión social, cit., pp. 202 e 201, respectively.
- 32.
Cf., Pierre Rosanvallon, La nueva cuestión social, cit., p. 194s. In this context, Rosanvallon (ibid., 195) explains that ‘the excluded form even a’ non-class”, in the sense that they constitute the projected shadow of the dysfunctionalities of society, result from a … socialization in the strong sense of the term …). The phenomena of exclusion are manifestations of difference and non-social aggregation (…). In this sense, exclusion is not a new social problem, it is another way of describing the difficulties to establish solidarities (…). To speak of insertion is then to deal with the different forms of social aggregation existing or to be promoted’.
- 33.
As for, Pierre Rosanvallon, ibidem, p. 210.
- 34.
Cf. Pierre Rosanvallon, ibid., p. 172, apud Antoine Garapon, “La déontologie du travailleur social”, Révue de Droit Sanitaire et Social, octobre-décembre, 1993.
- 35.
Ibidem, pp. 172 e 173.
- 36.
Cf. Pierre Rosanvallon, p. 174, which also speaks in this context of the way of a “contractual individualism”, in which “the essential respect for the individual goes hand in hand with the reconstruction of the social bond” (p. 180).
- 37.
About this, cf. Anabela Miranda Rodrigues, Novo olhar sobre a questão penitenciária, cit., p. 35s and 143s.
- 38.
On these concepts, Anabela Miranda Rodrigues, Novo olhar sobre a questão penitenciária, cit., p. 151 s.
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Miranda Rodrigues, A. (2019). The Welfare Culture Crisis and the Socialising Intervention in Prison. In: Guia, M., Gomes, S. (eds) Prisons, State and Violence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13077-0_4
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