Skip to main content

Potential Health Promoting Properties of Isoflavones, Saponins, Proanthocyanidins, and Other Phytonutrients in Pulses

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Health Benefits of Pulses

Abstract

This chapter reviews the structure, concentration, absorption, and health promoting activities of phytonutrients in pulses. The phenolic phytonutrients in pulses include isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavanols. A major non-phenol phytonutrient is saponins. The bioactivities of pulse phytonutrients which may have a beneficial role in cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disease are summarized. Gaps of knowledge in the previous research are suggested and future research directions are proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ackland ML, Van de Waarsenburg S, Jones R (2005) Synergistic antiproliferative action of the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol in cultured human cancer cell lines. In Vivo 19:69–76

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arbabi E, Hamidi G, Talaei SA et al (2016) Estrogen agonist genistein differentially influences the cognitive and motor disorders in an ovariectomized animal model of Parkinsonism. Iran J Basic Med Sci 19:1285–1290

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bhagwat S, Haytowitz D B, Holden JM (2008) USDA database for the isoflavone content of selected foods. https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400525/Data/isoflav/Isoflav_R2.pdf. Accessed 21 Nov 2018

  • Bhagwat S, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM (2014) USDA database for the flavonoid content of selected foods. https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400525/Data/Flav/Flav_R03-1.pdf. Accesssed 21 Nov 2018

  • Bittner K, Rzeppa S, Humpf HU (2013) Distribution and quantification of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins with low degree of polymerization in nuts, cereals, and legumes. J Agric Food Chem 61:9148–9154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bittner K, Kemme T, Peters K et al (2014) Systemic absorption and metabolism of dietary procyanidin B4 in pigs. Mol Nutr Food Res 58:2261–2273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonet-Costa V, Herranz-Perez V, Blanco-Gandia M et al (2016) Clearing amyloid-beta through PPARgamma/ApoE activation by genistein is a treatment of experimental Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 51:701–711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byun EB, Sung NY, Byun E et al (2013) The procyanidin trimer C1 inhibits LPS-induced MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling through TLR4 in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 15:450–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassidy A, Brown JE, Hawdon A et al (2006) Factors affecting the bioavailability of soy isoflavones in humans after ingestion of physiologically relevant levels from different soy foods. J Nutr 136:45–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Rao Y, Zheng Y et al (2014) Association between soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk for pre- and post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. PLoS One 9:e89288

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen MN, Lin CC, Liu CF (2015) Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Climacteric 18:260–269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Ou S, Zhou L et al (2017) Formononetin attenuates Abeta25-35-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells via PI3K/Akt signaling and non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP. Neurosci Lett 639:36–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chi XX, Zhang T, Zhang DJ et al (2016) Effects of isoflavones on lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes in Heilongjiang Province in China. J Clin Biochem Nutr 59:134–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chinta SJ, Ganesan A, Reis-Rodrigues P et al (2013) Anti-inflammatory role of the isoflavone diadzein in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia: implications for Parkinson’s disease. Neurotox Res 23:145–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choy YY, Fraga M, Mackenzie GG et al (2016) The PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in procyanidin-mediated suppression of human colorectal cancer cell growth. Mol Carcinog 55:2196–2209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cremonini E, Bettaieb A, Haj FG et al (2016) (-)-Epicatechin improves insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-fed mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 599:13–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado-Zamarreño MM, Pérez-Martín L, Bustamante-Rangel M et al (2012) Pressurized liquid extraction as a sample preparation method for the analysis of isoflavones in pulses. Anal Bioanal Chem 404:361–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding M, Pan A, Manson JE et al (2016) Consumption of soy foods and isoflavones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of three US cohorts. Eur J Clin Nutr 70:1381–1387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Drumm TD, Gray JI, Hosfield GL (1990) Variability in the saccharide, protein, phenolic acid and saponin contents of four market classes of edible dry beans. J Sci Food Agric 51:285–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duane W (1997) Effects of legume consumption on serum cholesterol, biliary lipids, and sterol metabolism in humans. J Lipid Res 38:1120–1128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn JE (1975) Cancer epidemiology in populations of the United States—with emphasis on Hawaii and California—and Japan. Cancer Res 35:3240–3245

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans M, Elliott JG, Sharma P et al (2011) The effect of synthetic genistein on menopause symptom management in healthy postmenopausal women: a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas 68:189–196

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fenwick DE, Oakenfull D (1983) Saponin content of food plants and some prepared foods. J Sci Food Agric 34:186–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gautam J, Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P et al (2017) Formononetin, an isoflavone, activates AMP-activated protein kinase/beta-catenin signalling to inhibit adipogenesis and rescues C57BL/6 mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity and bone loss. Br J Nutr 117:645–661

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gestetner B, Birk Y, Tencer Y (1968) Soybean saponins: fate of ingested soybean saponins and the physiological aspect of their hemolytic activity. J Agric Food Chem 16:1031–1035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonthier MP, Verny MA, Besson C et al (2003) Chlorogenic acid bioavailability largely depends on its metabolism by the gut microflora in rats. J Nutr 133:1853–1859

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gu L, House SE, Rooney L et al (2007) Sorghum bran in the diet dose dependently increased the excretion of catechins and microbial-derived phenolic acids in female rats. J Agric Food Chem 55:5326–5334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurfinkel D, Rao A (2003) Soyasaponins: the relationship between chemical structure and colon anticarcinogenic activity. Nutr Cancer 47:24–33

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ha V, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ et al (2014) Effect of dietary pulse intake on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 186:E252–E262

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • He J, Wang S, Zhou M et al (2015) Phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. World J Surg Oncol 13:231

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hirose A, Terauchi M, Akiyoshi M et al (2016) Low-dose isoflavone aglycone alleviates psychological symptoms of menopause in Japanese women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 293:609–615

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horiuchi H, Usami A, Shirai R et al (2017) S-Equol activates cAMP signaling at the plasma membrane of INS-1 pancreatic beta-cells and protects against Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia by increasing beta-cell function in male mice. J Nutr 147:1631–1639

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu J, Zheng YL, Hyde W et al (2004) Human fecal metabolism of soyasaponin I. J Agric Food Chem 52:2689–2696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hua X, Yu L, You R et al (2016) Association among dietary flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 11:e0151134

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaceldo-Siegl K, Gatto N, Beeson L et al (2015) Intake of soy isoflavones reduces breast cancer incidence among women in North America. FASEB J 29(1 Supplement). Retrieved from http://www.fasebj.org/content/29/1_Supplement/406.5.abstract

  • Jeon S, Park YJ, Kwon YH (2014) Genistein alleviates the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in ApoE(−/−) mice fed a high-fat diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 58:830–841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall CW, Koo M, Sokoloff E et al (1992) Effect of dietary oxidized cholesterol on azoxymethane-induced colonic preneoplasia in mice. Cancer Lett 66:241–248

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King RA, Bursill DB (1998) Plasma and urinary kinetics of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein after a single soy meal in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 67:867–872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koratkar R, Rao AV (1997) Effect of soya bean saponins on azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic lesions in the colon of mice. Nutr Cancer 27:206–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozuharov S, Oakenfull D, Sidhu G (1986) Navy beans and navy bean saponins lower plasma cholesterol concentrations in rats. Paper presented at the Proc. Nutr. Soc. Aust

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee SO, Simons AL, Murphy PA et al (2005) Soyasaponins lowered plasma cholesterol and increased fecal bile acids in female golden Syrian hamsters. Exp Biol Med 230:472–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YA, Cho EJ, Yokozawa T (2008) Effects of proanthocyanidin preparations on hyperlipidemia and other biomarkers in mouse model of type 2 diabetes. J Agric Food Chem 56:7781–7789

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Song F, Xing J, Tsao R et al (2009) Screening and structural characterization of α-glucosidase inhibitors from hawthorn leaf flavonoids extract by ultrafiltration LC-DAD-MSn and SORI-CID FTICR MS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 20:1496–1503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li T, Zhao X, Mo Z et al (2014) Formononetin promotes cell cycle arrest via downregulation of Akt/Cyclin D1/CDK4 in human prostate cancer cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 34:1351–1358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Suzuki N, Santosh Laxmi YR et al (2012) Anti-breast cancer potential of daidzein in rodents. Life Sci 91:415–419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Z, Zhou R, Kong Y et al (2016) S-equol, a secondary metabolite of natural anticancer isoflavone daidzein, inhibits prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo, though activating the Akt/FOXO3a pathway. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 16:455–465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luo S, Lan T, Liao W et al (2012) Genistein inhibits Abeta(2)(5)(-)(3)(5) -induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via PKC signaling pathway. Neurochem Res 37:2787–2794

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manach C, Williamson G, Morand C et al (2005) Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies. Am J Clin Nutr 81:230s–242s

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Messina MJ, Persky V, Setchell KDR et al (1994) Soy intake and cancer risk: a review of the in vitro and in vivo data. Nutr Cancer 21:113–131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Micioni di Bonaventura MV, Cecchini C, Vila-Donat P et al (2017) Evaluation of the hypocholesterolemic effect and prebiotic activity of a lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) extract. Mol Nutr Food Res 61(11)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller AB, Berrino F, Hill M et al (1994) Diet in the aetiology of cancer: a review. Eur J Cancer 30:207–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monagas M, Urpi-Sarda M, Sánchez-Patán F et al (2010) Insights into the metabolism and microbial biotransformation of dietary flavan-3-ols and the bioactivity of their metabolites. Food Funct 1:233–253

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Multari S, Neacsu M, Scobbie L et al (2016) Nutritional and phytochemical content of high-protein crops. J Agric Food Chem 64:7800–7811

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muthyala RS, Ju YH, Sheng S et al (2004) Equol, a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones. Bioorg Med Chem 12:1559–1567

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak B, Liu RH, Berrios JD et al (2011) Bioactivity of antioxidants in extruded products prepared from purple potato and dry pea flours. J Agric Food Chem 59:8233–8243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neuwirt H, Arias MC, Puhr M et al (2008) Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPC) exert anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on prostate cancer cells. Prostate 68:1647–1654

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oakenfull D, Sidhu G (1984) Prevention of dietary hypercholesterolaemia by chickpea saponins and navy beans. Proc Nutr Soc Aust 9:104

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavese JM, Krishna SN, Bergan RC (2014) Genistein inhibits human prostate cancer cell detachment, invasion, and metastasis. Am J Clin Nutr 100(Suppl 1):431s–436s

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rabadan-Chavez G, Quevedo-Corona L, Garcia AM et al (2016) Cocoa powder, cocoa extract and epicatechin attenuate hypercaloric diet-induced obesity through enhanced beta-oxidation and energy expenditure in white adipose tissue. J Funct Foods 20:54–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahal OM, Simmen RCM (2010) PTEN and p53 cross-regulation induced by soy isoflavone genistein promotes mammary epithelial cell cycle arrest and lobuloalveolar differentiation. Carcinogenesis 31:1491–1500

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rao A, Sung M (1995) Saponins as anticarcinogens. J Nutr 125:717S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ray SD, Parikh H, Bagchi D (2005) Proanthocyanidin exposure to B6C3F1 mice significantly attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumor induction and mortality by differentially modulating programmed and unprogrammed cell deaths. Mutat Res 579:81–106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ridout C, Wharf S, Price K et al (1988) UK mean daily intakes of saponins—intestine-permeabilizing factors in legumes. Food Sci Nutr 42:111–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez de Sotillo DV, Hadley M (2002) Chlorogenic acid modifies plasma and liver concentrations of: cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and minerals in (fa/fa) Zucker rats. J Nutr Biochem 13:717–726

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz RG, Price KR, Arthur AE et al (1996) Effect of soaking and cooking on the saponin content and composition of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and lentils (Lens culinaris). J Agric Food Chem 44:1526–1530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sautier C, Doucet C, Flament C et al (1979) Effects of soy protein and saponins on serum, tissue and feces steroids in rat. Atherosclerosis 34:233–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sergent T, Vanderstraeten J, Winand J et al (2012) Phenolic compounds and plant extracts as potential natural anti-obesity substances. Food Chem 135:68–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Setchell KDR, Cole SJ (2006) Method of defining equol-producer status and its frequency among vegetarians. J Nutr 136:2188–2193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shilpi A, Parbin S, Sengupta D et al (2015) Mechanisms of DNA methyltransferase-inhibitor interactions: procyanidin B2 shows new promise for therapeutic intervention of cancer. Chem Biol Interact 233:122–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Si HW, Fu Z, Babu PVA et al (2011) Dietary epicatechin promotes survival of obese diabetic mice and Drosophila melanogaster. J Nutr 141:1095–1100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sidhu G, Oakenfull D (1986) A mechanism for the hypocholesterolaemic activity of saponins. Br J Nutr 55:643–649

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singletary KW, Meline B (2001) Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on colon aberrant crypts and breast tumors in a rat dual-organ tumor model. Nutr Cancer 39:252–258

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sreerama YN, Takahashi Y, Yamaki K (2012) Phenolic antioxidants in some vigna species of legumes and their distinct inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities. J Food Sci 77:C927–C933

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tominaga SE (1999) The research group for population-based cancer registration in Japan: cancer incidence in Japan. Cancer mortality and morbidity statistics Japan and the World-1999. Japan Scientific Societies Press, pp 83–144. Retrieved from http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10013440727/en/

  • Tsunoda N, Pomeroy S, Nestel P (2002) Absorption in humans of isoflavones from soy and red clover is similar. J Nutr 132:2199–2201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Dijk AE, Olthof MR, Meeuse JC et al (2009) Acute effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 32:1023–1025

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verma AK, Johnson JA, Gould MN et al (1988) Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- and N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary cancer by dietary flavonol quercetin. Cancer Res 48:5754–5758

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YH, Yang XL, Wang L et al (2010) Effects of proanthocyanidins from grape seed on treatment of recurrent ulcerative colitis in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 88(9):888–898

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiese S, Esatbeyoglu T, Winterhalter P et al (2015) Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols: a randomized cross-over study in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 59:610–621

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willett W, Manson J, Liu SM (2002) Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 76:274s–280s

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams AR, Klaver EJ, Laan LC et al (2017) Co-operative suppression of inflammatory responses in human dendritic cells by plant proanthocyanidins and products from the parasitic nematode Trichuris suis. Immunology 150:312–328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu WY, Wu YY, Huang H et al (2015a) Biochanin A attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses and inhibits the activation of the MAPK pathway in BV2 microglial cells. Int J Mol Med 35:391–398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu XY, Xu H, Wu ZF et al (2015b) Formononetin, a novel FGFR2 inhibitor, potently inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in preclinical models. Oncotarget 6:44563–44578

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Q, Bai Q, Zou LY et al (2014) Genistein inhibits DNA methylation and increases expression of tumor suppressor genes in human breast cancer cells. Genes Chromosom Cancer 53:422–431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Y, Huang S, Su Y (2016) Dietary flavonols intake and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Nutrients 8:91

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu B, Chang S (2007) A comparative study on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of legumes as affected by extraction solvents. J Food Sci 72:S159–S166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu B, Chang SKC (2009) Total phenolic, phenolic acid, anthocyanin, flavan-3-ol, and flavonol profiles and antioxidant properties of pinto and black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by thermal processing. J Agric Food Chem 57:4754–4764

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Xiao L, Yuan Y et al (2014) Procyanidin B2 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 92:599–606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B, Deng Z, Ramdath DD et al (2015) Phenolic profiles of 20 Canadian lentil cultivars and their contribution to antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Food Chem 172(Supplement C):862–872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Huang YZ, Shao HY et al (2017) Grape seed procyanidin B2 inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma with miR-483-5p involved mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 86:292–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liwei Gu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Yagiz, Y., Gu, L. (2019). Potential Health Promoting Properties of Isoflavones, Saponins, Proanthocyanidins, and Other Phytonutrients in Pulses. In: Dahl, W. (eds) Health Benefits of Pulses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12763-3_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics