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Modeling the Relational Structure of Ancient Societies through the Chaîne opératoire: The Late Chalcolithic Societies of the Southern Levant as a Case Study

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Integrating Qualitative and Social Science Factors in Archaeological Modelling

Part of the book series: Computational Social Sciences ((SIPA))

Abstract

In this paper, I focus on two issues: (1) the variables for modeling the relational structure of a society and (2) the use of models for explaining evolutionary processes. I argue first that, contrary to stylistic traits which are the main attributes analyzed by models exploring changes in material culture through time, technological traditions are meaningful variables for linking sites over space and time and therefore for bringing to light the relational structures of societies. Indeed, at the difference to stylistic traits, their transmission requires social learning with a tutor usually selected within one’s social group, signaling thereby individuals belonging to the same social group and local network. Once the relational structure of a society is highlighted, I argue that explanation of evolution processes requires reference sociological models. The validation of the archeological interpretation lies in both the analogical operation and the founding of the reference model. These points are illustrated with a case study, the Late Chalcolithic of the southern Levant (4500–3900 cal. BC).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “a multi-agent system is made up of a set of n elementary units (named ‘automata’ or ‘agents’). The researcher can program both the behavior of these units, either singly or grouped into subsets, and the way the units (or group of units) interact in time. The aim of the technique is to observe how the system of interaction between agents evolve and its final ‘emerging’ configuration” (Manzo 2007, p. 49).

  2. 2.

    Ties can be strong or weak. In analytical sociology, “strong ties describe frequently activated relationships (such as family/kin ties) whereas weak ties are used to describe infrequently accessed connections (acquaintances)” (Collar et al. 2015, p. 23).

  3. 3.

    The studied sites are in the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea basin (Teleilat Ghassul, Fazael, Abu Hamid, Pella, Tel el-Farʼâh [N., cave U], Neve Ur), in the Negev (Abu Matar, Safadi, Grar), in the Shephelah (Modi’in), in the coastal plain (Azor), in the Galilee (Kafr Kanna, Levels 112–115; Megiddo, stratum 5), in the Hula valley (Tel Teo, Turmus), and in the Golan (Rasm Harbush).

  4. 4.

    They include sites from the Jordan Valley (Abu Hamid, Tel Tsaf, Beth Shean XVIII, Munhata, Shaar Hagolan), the Shephelah (Teluliyot Batash), and the Jordanian plateau (Ain Ghazal, Abu Thawwab).

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  1. CNRS, UMR 7055, University Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France

    Valentine Roux

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  1. UMR CNRS 5602 GEODE, Géographie de l’Environnement Maison de la Recherche, Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France

    Mehdi Saqalli

  2. Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge CB2 3Dz, Cambridge, UK

    Marc Vander Linden

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Roux, V. (2019). Modeling the Relational Structure of Ancient Societies through the Chaîne opératoire: The Late Chalcolithic Societies of the Southern Levant as a Case Study. In: Saqalli, M., Vander Linden, M. (eds) Integrating Qualitative and Social Science Factors in Archaeological Modelling. Computational Social Sciences(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12723-7_7

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