Skip to main content

The Howland–Kato Commutator Problem

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Analysis and Operator Theory

Part of the book series: Springer Optimization and Its Applications ((SOIA,volume 146))

Abstract

We investigate the following problem: For what bounded measurable real f and g is the commutator i[f(P), g(Q)] positive? This problem originated in work of James Howland and was pursued by Tosio Kato who suggested what might be the answer. So far, there is no proof that Kato was correct but in this paper we discuss the problem and give some partial answers to the above question.

Dedicated to the memory of Tosio Kato

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Howland, J.: Perturbation theory of dense point spectrum. J. Funct. Anal. 94, 52–80 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kato, T.: Positive commutators \(i[f(P), g(Q)]\). J. Funct. Anal. 96, 117–129 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Löwner, K.: Über monotone Matrixfunktionen. Math. Z. 38, 177–216 (1934)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Fuglede, B.: On the relation \(PQ-QP = -iI\). Math. Scand. 20, 79–88 (1967)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Georgescu, V., Gerard, C.: On the virial theorem in quantum mechanics. Commun. Math. Phys. 208, 275–281 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Folland, G.: Real Analysis, p. 107. Wiley, New York (1999)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Fuglede, B.: A commutativity theorem for normal operators. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 36, 35–40 (1950)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Rosenblum, M.: On a theorem of Fuglede and Putnam. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 33, 376–377 (1958)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Cycon, H., Froese, R., Kirsch, W., Simon, B.: Schrödinger Operators with Applications to Quantum Mechanics and Global Geometry. Texts and Monographs in Physics, p. 61. Springer, Berlin (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Putnam, C.: Commutation Properties of Hilbert Space Operators and Related Topics, p. 20. Springer, Berlin (1967)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Douglas, R.: On majorization, factorization and range inclusion of operators in Hilbert space. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 17, 413–415 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Duren, P.: Theory of \(H^p\) Spaces, pp. 196–197. Academic, New York (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lindelöf, E.: Sur un principe gènèral de l’Analyse. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Finnicae 66, 1–35 (1915)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Garnett, J.: Bounded Analytic Functions, p. 92. Academic, New York (1981). (Problem 7)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Brian Hall for many useful conversations about this problem.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ira Herbst .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Herbst, I., Kriete, T.L. (2019). The Howland–Kato Commutator Problem. In: Rassias, T.M., Zagrebnov, V.A. (eds) Analysis and Operator Theory . Springer Optimization and Its Applications, vol 146. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12661-2_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics