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Argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] Oil

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Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality

Abstract

Argan oil is extracted from the kernels of Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, a tree that almost exclusively grows endemically in southern Morocco. If argan oil was initially only known around its traditional production area, major efforts combining chemical, agronomic and human sciences have led to its international recognition and marketing. In addition, to ensure the sustainable production of a sufficient quantity of argan kernels, a vast and unprecedented program that led to the reforestation of large areas of drylands has been developed in Morocco. Therefore, argan oil production is considered as an economic and ecologic success.

Edible argan oil is prepared by cold-pressing roasted argan kernels. Unroasted kernels afford an oil of cosmetic grade, showing a bitter taste. Both oils, which are not refined and are virgin oils, share a similar fatty acid content that includes oleic and linoleic acids as major components. Additionally, argan oil is rich in antioxidants. Together, these components likely contribute to the oil pharmacological properties that, in humans, traditionally included cardiovascular disease and skin protection. Recent scientific studies have greatly expanded the scope of these pharmacological activities.

Argan oil is now rewarded with a “Geographic Indication” that certifies its exclusive and authentic Moroccan origin and the compliance with strict production rules. In addition, the quality of argan oil can nowadays be ascertained by using an array of physicochemical methods.

By-products, generated in large quantity during argan oil production, are also finding promising development routes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de Médecine/Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France

    Dominique Guillaume

  2. CIRAD, UR BioWooEB Biorefinery Team, Montpellier, France

    Daniel Pioch

  3. Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes, Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Morocco

    Zoubida Charrouf

Authors
  1. Dominique Guillaume
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  2. Daniel Pioch
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  3. Zoubida Charrouf
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dominique Guillaume .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan

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Guillaume, D., Pioch, D., Charrouf, Z. (2019). Argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] Oil. In: Ramadan, M. (eds) Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12473-1_16

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